Describe Anaplasmosis/Gall Sickness in terms of: Etiology Species attacked Transmission and pathogenesis Clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment and control.

Describe Anaplasmosis/Gall Sickness in terms of:
Etiology
Species attacked
Transmission and pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment and control.

Answers

etiology,
• Anaplama marginale – causes clinical disease in bovine
• Anaplasma caudatum - may cause severe disease
• Anaplasma centrale - mild disease
• A. ovis in sheep and goats

Species affected
Cattle, sheep and goats

Transmission and pathogenesis
• Most transmission is via several tick vectors
• Some of the tick species are Boophilus, Dermacentor, Rhipicepelus, Ixodidae, Hyalomma, Argas and Ornithodoros.
• Boophilus species are the most important in Africa
• Transovarial transmission very rare
• Mechanical transmission by Tabanid flies
• Transplacental transmission also reported (acute infection in dams -2nd/3rd trimester)
• Through contaminated needles, dehorning wire and surgical instruments

Clinical signs
• Characterised by progressive anemia
• Incubation Period 2-4 weeks
• Loss of condition/emaciation
• Milk production drops
• Fever up to 41⁰C (at peak parasitemia)
• Anorexia
• Loss of coordination
• Dyspnoea
• Rapid pounding pulse and heart (later)
• Urine may be brown
• Slight enlargement of lymph nodes
• Mucous membranes appear pale then yellow
• Pregnant cows may abort

Diagnosis
• Epidemiology – geographic distribution of tick vectors (and flies)
• Clinical signs
• Laboratory tests

Treatment and control
Tetracyclines

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Kavungya answered the question on May 6, 2019 at 12:01

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