etiology,
An extremely contagious acute disease of all cloven footed animals, caused by a virus and characterized by fever and vesicles in the mouth, feet and teats
Virus has 7 serotypes: A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3 (South African territories) and ASIA type1 from the far East
– Types A,O,C occur in all continents;
– SAT1 is found in Africa and Asia
– SAT2 and SAT3 occur in Africa.
-Asia type 1 Asian contine
Species affected
All cloven footed animals
Transmission and pathogenesis
Mainly by inhalation and ingestion.
Virus appears in milk and blood soon after infection and in saliva before vesicles develop in the mouth, All body excretions including urine, milk, feces and semen are infective before clinical disease and for a short period after appearance of signs. Periods of maximum infectivity when vesicles are discharging/rapturing from the mouth and the feet
Some animals remain as carriers for long periods: develop during convalescence or in vaccinated animals exposed to infection
All meat tissues including bone remain infective for long periods
Formites (bedding, car tires, mangers, feed stuffs and hides) capable of spread
Spread from herd to herd
• Directly by movement of infected animals
• Indirectly by inanimate objects: uncooked and unprocessed meat products and other animal products
• Flash pasteurization does not inactivate the virus
• Infection also through infected semen during AI
Pathogenesis
Vesicles develop as the virus grows within a group of contiguous epithelial cells, rupturing them, and creating a large lake of fluid within the epithelium.
Clinical signs
-Precipitate fall in milk production, high fever (40-41?C) accompanied by severe dejection, anorexia and acute painful stomatitis (inflammation of mouth)
-Abundant salivation with saliva hanging in long ropey strings, careful chewing and a characteristic smacking of the lips
-Vesicles and bullae (1-2mm) appear on mouth/buccal mucosa, dental pad and tongue -Vesicles rapture within 24hrs leaving a raw painful surface which heals in about 1 week, Vesicles are thin walled, easily rapture and contain straw colored fluid
-Vesicles appear on the feet especially in the cleft and coronet.
-Vesicles may also appear on teats. Vesicles on teat orifice lead to development of mastitis
-Abortion and this may be followed by infertility
-The animal resumes eating in 2-3 days but convalescence can take up to 6 months
Diagnosis
Clinical signs and laboratory signs
Treatment and control
No treatment
Prevent by vaccination
Kavungya answered the question on May 6, 2019 at 12:21
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