etiology,
LYSSAVIRUS
Species affected
All mammals
Transmission and pathogenesis
Transmitted by introduction of saliva containing the virus
The virus travels via the peripheral nerves to the spinal cord and ascends to the brain
After reaching the brain, the virus travels via peripheral nerves to the salivary glands Virus shed in saliva
Clinical signs
Divided into three:
– Prodromal (excitative) phase
– Furious (mad-dog syndrome)
– Dumb or paralytic form
Prodromal
– lasts ~1-3 days
– vague central nervous system signs, which intensify rapidly
– Paralysis followed by death
Furious
– Increased aggressiveness and biting man and objects
– Alert, anxious, dilated pupils
– Increased salivation
– Roaming for long distances in dogs attacking other animals and man
– Swallowing foreign objects e.g. straw, feces
– Cats bite and scratch viciously
– Animals unable to drink water = run away from water
– Death from progressive paralysis
Dumb form
– paralysis of the throat and masseter muscles,
– profuse salivation and inability to swallow
– Dropping of the lower jaw in dogs
– Rapid progress of paralysis to all body parts
– Coma and death
– Man gets infected while examining the mouth for foreign objects
Diagnosis
• Typical clinical signs
• Isolate suspected cases for ten days
• Laboratory tests
Treatment and control
Treatment-none
• Control-puppies at 3mths & 1yr, then annual vaccination
• notification of suspected cases
• euthanasia of dogs with clinical signs and dogs bitten by a suspected rabid animal
• mass immunization of dogs by campaigns and by continuing vaccination of young dogs
Kavungya answered the question on May 6, 2019 at 12:49
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