Describe the functions of brain.

Through the sensory process, the brain is able to receive information (messages) conveyed through the neurons and dendrites (neuron is nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system whereas dendrites are the bushy branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses towards the cell body). This information is analyzed and interpreted and decisions made. The brain then commands the muscles to take action. Human behavior is directed by the brain which happens to be endowed with the capacity to carry out multi-faceted functions with the various parts playing specific roles.

The autonomic nervous system is composed of all the neurons that carry messages between the central nervous system and the internal organs of the body. This system is necessary for such body functions as breathing, flow of blood, experiencing of various emotions etc. The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, like parasympathetic division, is involved in controlling and integrating the actions of the glands and the smooth muscles within the body.

When one is frightened or angry, the nerve fibers carry messages that tell the body to prepare for emergency – ready to act quickly and strenuously.

The parasympathetic division compensates for the sympathetic division and lets the body rest after a stressful moment. After the sympathetic division has aroused the body, the parasympathetic division follows with messages to relax. In many people, one division or the other may dominate

The endocrine system regulates the functioning of our bodies by releasing chemical substances (hormones) into the blood stream through the endocrine glands. Consider for instance the hormone-induced changes that occur at puberty and at menopause. Hormones also affect an individual’s alertness, excitability, sexual behavior, aggressiveness, reactions to stress, ability to concentrate. Hormones can also affect mood, emotional reactivity, ability to learn and even the ability to resist disease. Radical changes in hormonal balances can contribute to psychological disorders like depression.

Genetics too contributes to behavior. Heredity for instance determines to some extent hyperactivity, emotionality, responsiveness to stress, nervousness, shyness, aggressiveness, intelligence etc.

There exists a direct relationship between behavior and biology. The structure and functioning of the human body acts as the spring-board for behavior. It is the organization, the placement, the functioning of the various organs that makes behavior possible. This, combined with environment, can explain the occurrence of most behavior.

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Kavungya answered the question on May 8, 2019 at 06:04