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Describe The Cognitive Approach to Learning.

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So far we have considered the associative theory of classical and operant conditioning. This theory of learning sometimes called the stimulus response or S-R approach assumes that conditioning results from the association of stimuli and responses. This approach has contributed much to what psychology knows about the complex processes of learning.

Cognitive psychologists take another approach to the study of learning. This approach differs from S-R approach in two ways: first, the cognitive psychologists assume that learning involves more than S-R associations. They argue that organisms use a variety of non-observable mental processes to take in and manipulate information about their environment. These mental or cognitive processes include memory, thinking and representation.

Second, the cognitive psychologists focus on the organism’s awareness of the situation and its active participation in the learning situation. The S-R approach looks on the organism as being more like a machine. We put in a stimulus and out comes a response. The cognitive approach, in contrast, begins with the assumption that the organism is aware of its surroundings and actively attempts to gain and use information to adapt to its environment (Hulse, Fowler and Honig, 1978). Consider the extent to which different types of undertakings, including crime, involves mental manipulation of information and strategies to reach decisions and execute plans.

Kavungya answered the question on May 8, 2019 at 08:40

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Describe The Cognitive Approach to Learning.

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