Explain the guidelines that have been issued by the Institute of Accountants in your country, to prevent the following matters from posing a threat to an...

1). Fees - Fees should neither be charged on a percentage nor similar basis, except where that
course is authorised by statute or generally accepted practice; nor should instructions be accepted
on contingency basis.
ii) Personal and family relationships - These relationships can affect objectivity.
Therefore an accountant should take steps to ensure these relationships do not interfere with their
objectivity.
iii) Loans - Neither a partner in practice, nor the spouse or child of a partner should accept a
loan from a client, nor have borrowings guaranteed by a client.
iv) Beneficial shareholdings - A practice should, ensure that it does ,not have, as an audit
client a company in which a partner in the practice, the spouse or minor child of such partner is
the beneficial holder of shares.

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Kavungya answered the question on May 14, 2019 at 11:49