Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow. Bertolt Brecht: The Caucasian Chalk Circle.

      

Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow.
Bertolt Brecht: The Caucasian Chalk Circle.

AZDAK: Listen! Am accused instigating war? Ridiculous! Am saying ridiculous!
That enough? If not, have brought lawyers. Believe five hundred.
(He points behind him, pretending to be surrounded by lawyers) requisition all available seats for
lawyers! (The IRONSHIRTS laugh:the FAT PRINCE joins in).
NEPHEW (to the IRONSHIRTS): You really wish me to try this case? I find it rather unusual from the taste angle,
I mean.
FIRST IRONSHIRT: Lets go!
FAT PRINCE: (smiling): Let him have it, my little fox?
NEPHEW: All right. People of Grusinia versus Grand Duke. Defendant, what have you got to
say for yourself?
AZDAK: Plenty. Naturally, have read war lost. Only started on the advice of
patriots. Like Uncle Arsen Kazbeki. Call Uncle Arsen as witness.
FAT PRINCE (to the IRONSHIRTS. Delightedly): what a madcap!
NEPHEW: Motion rejected. One cannot be arraigned for declaring a war, which
every ruler has to do once in a while, but only for running a war badly.
AZDAK: Rubbish! Did not run it at all! Had it run! Had it run by Princes!
Naturally, they messed it up.
NEPHEW: Do you by any chance deny having been commander in chief?
AZDAK: Not at all! Always was commander-in-chief. At birth shouted at wet nurse. Was
trained drop turds in toilet, grew accustomed to command.
Always commanded officials rob my cash box. Officers flog soldiers only on
command.
IRONSHIRTS (clapping): He’s good! Long live the Grand Duke!
FAT PRINCE: Answer him according to the dignity of the law. Defendant, preserve the dignity of
the law!
AZDAK: Agreed. Command you proceed with trial!
NEPHEW: It is not your place to command me. You claim that the Princes forced you to declare
war. How can you claim then that they-er- “messed it up”.
AZDAK: Did not send enough people. Embezzled funds. Sent sick horses.
During attack, drinking in whorehouse. Call Uncle Arsen as witness.
NEPHEW: are you making the outrageous suggestions that the Princes of this
country did not fight?
AZDAK: No. Prince fought. Fought for war contracts
FAT PRINCE: (jumping up): That’s too much! This man talks like a carpet weaver!
AZDAK: Really? Told nothing but truth.
FAT PRINCE: Hang him! Hang him!
FIRST IRONSHIRT (pulling the PRINCE down): Keep quiet! Go on, excellency!
NEPHEW: Quiet! Now render a verdict; you must be hanged! By the neck! Having
lost war!
AZDAK: Young man, seriously advise not fall publicly into jerky clipped speech. Cannot be watchdog
if howl like wolf. Got it? If people realize Princes
speak same language as Grand Duke, may hang Grand Duke and prince, huh? By the way,
must overrule verdict. Reason? War lost, but not for Princes. Princes won their war. Got
3,863,000 piasters for horses not delivered, 8,240,000 piasters for food supplies not produced.
Are therefore victors. War lost only for Grusinia, which is not present in this court.

(a) 'am accused instigating war?' Explain the circumstances that led the speaker to say these words.

(b) Why do you think the nephew is reluctant to try the case?

(c) Explain who according to the extract is responsible for instigating the war.

(d) Discuss at least two dominant themes in this extract.

(e) Identify and illustrate two character traits of Arsen Kazbeki as brought out in this extra


(f) Pick out two stylistic devices and comment on their effectiveness.

(g) Explain the ironic twist that takes place in this extract.

(h) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each.

(i) I find it rather unusual. (Add a question tag)

(ii) Defendant, preserve the dignity of the law.
(Rewrite in the passive).

(iii) 'It is not your place to command me.'
(Rewrite in indirect speech.)

  

Answers


Martin
a) Circumstances that lead the speaker to say these words: “am accused of instigating war?”
This is said by Azdak who is role playing the Grand Duke. The Grand Duke has been accused by the princess of
instigating the war. In the play within a play the Iron Shirts have decided to put Bizergan Kazbeki who has been
proposed by Arsen Kabeki as he next judge through a rehearsal to test his ability as a judge. What follows then is
the mock trial.
b) Why the nephew is reluctant to try the case.
Since he obviously does not have what it takes to be a judge / or probably because he knows the role the princes,
and particularly his uncle played in causing Grusinia to lose the war. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
c) Who is responsible for instigating the war.
The princes are responsible for instigating the war. Azdak says that the war was started on the advice of patriot’s
like uncle Kazbeki (who is a prince). The nephew supports this when he says one can’t be arraigned for declaring
a war.
(d) At least two dominant themes in this extract.
(i) Abuse of power – officers flog soldiers only on command. Land owners sleep with peasant’s wives only on
the strictest command.

(ii) Irresponsibility – Azdak accuses the princess of having failed in the responsibility because they sent sick
horses to war and during attack they were drinking in whore houses.

(iii)Greed and materialism – The princess are also said to have embezzled funds. The princes are also said to have
benefited in he war because they got 3,863,000 piasters for horses not delivered and 8,240,000 piasters for
food supplies not produced.


(e) Two character traits of Arsen Kazbek as brought out in this extract.

- Contemptuous – seems to have no respect for Azdak.
He refers to him as madcap which would mean a lunatic, also refers to him as a carpet weaver.
- Manipulative – He seems to manipulate the nephew so that he can achieve his goals. He tells him “answer him
my little fox, I am with you.”
- Irrational / emotional – Even before the nephew can pass the verdict, he has already started shouting that Azdak
should be hanged.
- Cunning / sly – He keeps referring to the nephew as ‘Little fox.’ He also cunningly wants the nephew installed as
the Judge to serve his own purpose.

(f) Two stylistic devices and comment on their effectiveness.

(i) Imagery – simile – “cannot be watchdog if you howl like wolf – meaning the nephew can’t be judge, if he is
irrational. To be judge you need to be level headed. This draws the attention of the audience to the fact that
the prices are as guilty as the Duke.This man talks like a carpet weaver – shows the contempt Kazbeki has for
Azdak.
(ii) Metaphors – ‘my little fox’ – Kazbeki refers to his nephew thus bringing in the cunning nature of the nephew
and in equal measure that of the Fat Prince. Just as the fox is cunning, so is the nephew.

(iii)Play within a play – Azdak role plays the Grand Duke who has been accused of instigating the war and
causing Grusinia to lose the war.
marto answered the question on May 28, 2019 at 08:16


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    e) Identify the main theme in this excerpt.

    f) I hardly know if my head’s still on. Where is Michael? (Rewrite this in reported speech)

    g) Describe the mood of the excerpt.

    h) What is Natella’s attitude towards the servants?

    i) Identify one stylistic device used in this excerpt and comment on its effect

    Date posted: May 24, 2019.  Answers (1)

  • The Short Story: Longhorn (E.D) 'When the Sun Goes Down and other stories from Africa and Beyond. With illustrations from Sandisile Ishuma’s story 'Arrested Development' show...(Solved)

    The Short Story: Longhorn (E.D) 'When the Sun Goes Down and other stories from Africa and Beyond.
    With illustrations from Sandisile Ishuma’s story 'Arrested Development' show how appropriate the title
    'Arrested Development' is to the story.

    Date posted: May 23, 2019.  Answers (1)

  • Margaret Ogula’s The River and the Source Drawing illustrations from Margaret Ogula’s The River and The Source, write an essay proving that Akoko is at the centre...(Solved)

    Margaret Ogula’s The River and the Source

    Drawing illustrations from Margaret Ogula’s The River and The Source, write an essay proving that Akoko is at
    the centre of the change process in the society of the River and The Source

    Date posted: May 23, 2019.  Answers (1)

  • The Caucasian Chalk Circle: Literary Appreciation Read the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow(Solved)

    The Caucasian Chalk Circle: Literary Appreciation
    Read the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow
    GRUSHA : Simon!
    SIMON : Is that Grusha Vasnadze?
    GRUSHA : Simon!
    SIMON (formally): A good morning to the young lady. I hope she is well.
    GRUSHA (getting up and bowing low): A good morning to the soldier. God be thanked he has returned in good
    health.
    SIMON : They found better fish, so they didn’t eat me said the haddock
    GRUSHA : Courage, said the kitchen boy. Good luck, said the hero
    SIMON : How are things here? Was the winter bearable? The neighbor considerate?
    GRUSHA : The winter was a trifle rough, the neighbor as usual Simon.
    SIMON : May one ask if a certain person still dips her toes in the water when rinsing the linen?
    GRUSHA : The answer is no. Because of the eyes in the bushes.
    SIMON : The young lady is speaking of soldiers. Here stands the paymaster
    GRUSHA : A job worth twenty piasters?
    SIMON : And lodgings?
    GRUSHA (with tears in her eyes) : Behind the barracks under the date trees
    SIMON : Yes there. A certain person has kept her eyes open
    GRUSHA : She has, Simon.
    SIMON : And has not forgotten? (GRUSHA shakes her head) So the door is still on its hinges as they
    say? (GRUSHA looks at him in silence and shakes her head again) What’s this? Is anything
    not as it should be?
    GRUSHA : Simon Shashava, I can never return to Nuka. Something has happened.
    SIMON : What can have happened?
    GRUSHA : For one thing, I knocked an Ironshirt down
    GRUSHA : Simon Shashava, I am no longer called what I used to be called
    SIMON (after a pause):I do not understand
    GRUSHA : When do women change their names, Simon? Let me explain.
    Nothing stands between us. Everything is just as it was. You must believe that.
    SIMON : Nothing stands between us and yet there is something?
    GRUSHA : How can I explain it so fast and with the stream between us?
    Couldn’t you cross the bridge there?
    SIMON : Maybe it’s no longer necessary
    GRUSHA : It is very necessary. Come over on this side, Simon. Quick!
    SIMON : Does the young lady wish to say someone has come too late?

    a) Place this excerpt in its immediate context
    b) Where is this scene taking place .
    c) Discuss the relationship between Grusha and Simon in this excerpt.
    d) 'May one ask if a certain person still dips her toes in the water when rinsing the linen?' In which other scene does
    Simon use the very words to Grusha? Explain what was happening in that scene .
    e) Grusha says she cannot go to Nuka because something has happened. Explain. .
    f) Describe the character trait of Simon as brought out in this excerpt .
    g) Explain the meaning of the following saying and word as used in the excerpt
    i) They found better fish, so they didn’t eat me, said the haddock.
    ii) Gaily
    h) Identity and illustrate the major theme present in this excerpt

    Date posted: May 23, 2019.  Answers (1)

  • The Short StoryEmilia Ilieva and Waveney Olembo, When the Sun Goes Down With illustrations from Moyez Vassanji’s ‘Leaving’, write an essay to show what leads individuals to seekeducation...(Solved)

    The Short Story

    Emilia Ilieva and Waveney Olembo, When the Sun Goes Down
    With illustrations from MoyezVassanji’s ‘Leaving’, write an essay to show what leads individuals to seek
    education opportunities in foreign countries.

    Date posted: May 23, 2019.  Answers (1)

  • Read the excerpt below and respond to the questions that follow.(Solved)

    Read the excerpt below and respond to the questions that follow.

    GUESTS (loudly):
    - Have you heard? The grand Duke is back! But the princes are against him.
    - They say the Shah of Persia has lent him a great army to restore order in Grusinia.
    - But how is that possible? The Shah of Persia is the enemy….
    - The enemy of Grusinia, you donkey, not the enemy of the Grand Duke!
    - In any case, the war’s over, so our soldiers are coming back.
    GRUSHAdrops a cake pan. GUESTS help her pick up the cake.
    AN OLD WOMAN (to GRUSHA): Are you feeling bad? It’s just excitement about dear Jussup. Sit
    down and rest a while, my dear (GRUSHA staggers.)
    GUESTS: Now everything’ll be the way it was. Only the taxes’ll go up because now we” ll have to pay
    for the war.
    GRUSHA (weakly): Did someone say the soldiers are back?
    FIRST MAN (to a woman): Show her the shawl. We bought it from a soldier. It’s from Persia.
    GRUSHA (looking at the shawl): They are here. (She gets up, takes a step, kneels down in prayer,
    takes the silver cross and chain out her blouse, and kisses it.)
    MOTHER –IN –LAW (while the guests silently watchGRUSHA): What‘s the matter with you? Aren’t
    you going to look after our guests? What’s all this city nonsense got to do with us?
    GUESTS (resuming conversation while GRUSHA remain in prayer):
    - you can buy Persian saddles from the soldiers too. Though many want crutches in
    exchange for them.
    - The leaders on one side can win a war, the soldiers on both sides lose it.
    - Anyway, the war’s over. It’s something they can’t draft you anymore.
    The dying man sits bolt upright in bed. He listens.
    - What we need is two weeks of good weather.
    - Our pear trees are hardly bearing a thing this year

    MOTHER –IN –LAW (offering cakes): Have some more cakes and welcome! There are more!

    (a) Describe the events leading to this extract.

    (b) Explain what the guests mean by the statement 'The grand Duke is back'

    (c) Why does the mother-in-law welcome the guests to eat cakes?

    (d) Identify and explain three ironic situations in this extract.

    (e) Identify and explain two themes in this extract

    (f) What happens immediately after this extract?

    (g) What makes the dying man sit bolt upright?

    (h) 'Did someone say the soldiers are back? GRUSHA asked.

    (Rewrite the sentence in reported speech.

    (i) 'The mother-in-law’s action was an effort in futility.' Do you agree with this assertion? Justify your response

    Date posted: May 23, 2019.  Answers (1)

  • Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow.(Solved)

    Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow.
    AZDAK: (sitting down): I accept. (Sighing, the inkeeper hands him some money). Good.
    Now the formalities are disposed of. This is a case of rape?
    INKEEPER : Your Honour, I caught the fellow in the act. Ludovica was in the straw on the stable
    floor.
    AZDAK : Quite right , the stable. Lovely horses! especially liked the little roan.
    INKEEPER : The first thing I did, of course , was to question Ludovica. On my son’s behalf.
    AZDAK : ( seriously ): I said I especially liked the little roan.
    INKEEPER : ( Coldly ) : Really ? Ludovica confessed the stableman took her against her will.
    AZDAK : Take your veil off, Ludovica. (she does so) Ludovica, you please the court. Tell us
    how it happened.

    QUESTIONS.
    1. What happens before this excerpt (3marks)
    2. ‘I accept’ Explain what is implied by this statement (2 marks)
    3. “Your honour, I caught the fellow in the act.” Identify and explain one theme that can be deduced from the
    statement. (3 marks)
    4. “Ludovica you please the court – Tell us how it happened.” In note form, explain Ludovica’s defense.(4 marks)
    Rough copy.
    Fair copy.
    5. Using the excerpt, state and explain two character traits of Azdak and two of Ludovica. (4 marks)
    6. Why do you think Azdak asks Ludovica to remove her veil in this excerpt. (2 marks)
    7. '(Sighing, the inkeeper hands him some money). Good. Now the formalities are disposed of.' What turns out to
    be ironic about this statement? (3 marks)
    8. 'I caught the fellow in the act.' Explain what this statement alludes to in the Bible (2 marks)
    9. Give the meaning of the following words as used in the excerpt.
    i) Roan
    ii) Stable

    Date posted: May 23, 2019.  Answers (1)

  • Read the poem bellow and answer the question that follows My grandmother(Solved)

    She kept an antique shop-or it kept her.
    Among Apostle spoons and Bristol glasses,
    The faded silks, the heavy furniture,
    She watched her own reflection in the brass
    Salvers and silver bowls, as if to prove
    Polish was all, there was no need for love.

    And I remember how I once refused
    To go out with her, since I was afraid.
    It was perhaps a wish not to be used
    Like antique objects .Though she never said
    That she was hurt, I still could feel the guilt
    Of that refusal, guessing how she felt.

    Later, too frail to keep a shop, she put
    All her best things in one long, narrow room.
    The place smelt old, of things too long kept shut,
    The smell of absences where shadows come
    That can’t be polished. There was nothing then
    To give her own reflection back again.

    And when she died I felt no grief at all,
    Only the guilt of what I once refused.
    I walked into her room among the tall
    Sideboards and cupboards-things she never used
    But needed: and no finger-marks were there,
    Only the new dust falling through the air.

    a) Identify the persona in the above poem.

    b) In note form, summarize what each stanza is talking about

    c) Identify and briefly explain the use of any two images in the poem

    d) What does the persona feel towards the subject matter?

    e) What do the following lines mean in the poem?

    'too frail to keep a shop'
    'Only the new dust falling through the air'
    f) Describe the tone the persona uses in the poem above

    g) Explain the paradox in the line:

    -things she never used

    But needed:

    h) Explain the persona’s sense of guilt

    Date posted: May 6, 2019.  Answers (1)