i. Accusation of administrative malpractices, most of these accusations were trivial and based on misunderstanding e.g. he was accused of nepotism, misappropriation of funds, disregarding the Quran and Hadith etc.
ii. Discontent in provinces against some governors and officials Khalifa Uthman Ibn Affan had to deal with problems that came up as a result of dissatisfaction with some governors, and it was not easy to satisfy all the people.
iii. The soft nature of Uthman couple with his old age made people take advantage of him because he was not used to taking strong action against offenders hence overlooked the witnesses and faults of others.
iv. Vastness of the caliphate/ empire which required extra effort to monitor and supervise. It was not easy to supervise all the governors in the provinces and also get to know the problems facing the people.
v. External threats/ danger posed by the roman and Persians who were in constant wars with Muslims. Uthman had a challenged of looking for a way of quelling these wars.
vi. The internal threat posed by hypocrites who were fighting Islam from within e.g. Abdullah Ibn Sabah who created fitna among the Muslims which eventually led to the assassination of Khalifa Uthman.
vii. Dealing with pre-Islamic tribal rivalries which threatened to create disunity among the Muslims e.g. the rivalry between Banu Hashim and Banu Ummayad.
viii. Eliminating differences and disputes in the pronunciation of Quran which emerged as result of territorial expansion of Islam.
Kavungya answered the question on June 21, 2019 at 10:55
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