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Read the following passage and then answer the questions that follow.

Read the following passage and then answer the questions that follow.

The question is at least as old as Socrates: If we know what the right thing to do is, why do we not do it? It is an especially acute question when applied to global warming. The science showing that carbon dioxide emissions are already changing the planet’s climate, and are likely to have severe effects (melting ice caps, sea-level rise, and species extinction), is compelling and now barely disputed. Almost 90% of Europeans say they recognize climate change as a major issue, and 75% identify fossil fuel emissions as a major cause.

And yet, as was widely discussed at a conference of environmentalists, geologists and writers in May 2006 in Ankelohe, Germany, public understanding has not translated into even the simplest of public actions. Less than 1% of Britons, for example, have switched their home electricity to renewable sources, even though it requires little more than a phone call to one’s existing provider. Proportions on the continent are slightly higher, but there is clearly no rush to go green or — shudder — stop driving cars.

Why such a disconnect between information and action? Part of the problem is that environmental advocates emit mixed messages. In mid-May 2006, Britain’s Guardian published a front-page story showing that five companies in Britain produce more CO2 pollution in a year than all the country’s motorists combined. That is a strong argument for targeting industries, but the average reader could hardly be blamed for thinking, “Why should I bother to cut down my driving?”

Similarly, not enough thought has been devoted to the best role for government. Climate change is too vast a problem for individuals to solve alone, and some big businesses have an incentive not to solve it. That leaves government to take the lead, which is tricky, because over-reliance on government can allow individuals to fob off their own responsibilities. What is worse, government power seems to tickle autocratic fantasies. In my experience, environmentalists spend far too much energy advocating hard-line government ‘solutions’ that do not stand a chance of being enacted. Sure, it might be good for the planet if governments banned the use of sports-utility vehicles or, for that matter, of all fossil fuels. Yet not only is it hard to sell outright prohibitions to voters, but the sad truth is that governments have a woeful record in even the mildest interventions. One of the most significant innovations in the last decade has been Europe’s carbon-emission trading scheme: some 12 000 companies, responsible for more than half of the EU’s emissions, have been assigned quotas. Companies with unused allowances can sell them; the higher the price, the greater the incentive for firms to cut their use of fossil fuels. The system seemed to work for about a year — but now it turns out that Europe’s governments allocated far too many credits, which will likely hinder the program’s effectiveness for years.

Perhaps the real reason that well-intentioned consumers do not change is that they do not see any benefit. Climate change may be a frightening, irreversible calamity, but its worst effects will not be felt next week or next year. The planet looks the same regardless of whether we use environmentally friendly technology or we do not care how much CO2 we emit. But sure as the sun rises and sets every day, if we do not cut down on carbon emissions, then we may not have a planet to hand over to the next generation.

(Adapted from Times, June 5, 2006)

a) According to the passage, what are the effects of global warming?

b) What, according to the passage, is the main cause of global warming?

c) How does Britain encourage people to use renewable electricity?

d) Paraphrase the following sentence: That is a strong argument for targeting industries, but the average reader could hardly be blamed for thinking, ‘Why should I bother to cut down my driving?’

e) What message does the writer communicate in this passage?

f) Explain the meaning of the following words and expression as used in the passage.

i) fob off

ii) incentive

iii) calamity

iv) vast

Answers

(a) The effects of global warming are melting ice caps, rising sea levels, species extinction and climatic change.

(b) The main cause of global warming, according to the passage, is fossil fuel emissions as cited by 75% of Europeans.(2

(c) Britain encourages people to use renewable electricity by making it very easy for people to switch to renewable sources; it requires little more than a phone call.

(d) An ordinary reader would not be blamed for wondering why he or she has to reduce on driving while industries continue to emit a lot of CO2.

(e) The writer communicates the message that, while pollution is a life-threatening issue, the approaches to resolving it are ineffective.

(f)

(i) fob off — to avoid/make excuses

(ii) Incentive — a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something

(iii) Calamity — an event that causes great damage

iv) Vast – extremely large/huge/widely spread

marto answered the question on August 14, 2019 at 12:39

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When children have prolonged struggles with socializing, “a vicious cycle begins,” children who are shunned by others have few opportunities to practice social skills whereas popular children have more than enough opportunities to perfect theirs. However, having just one or two friends can be enough to give a child the social practice he or she need.
Parents, teachers and other adults in a child’s life can help, too. Instead of reacting with anger or embarrassment to a child who, say, asks Aunt Vera if her new hairdo was a mistake, parents should teach social skills with the same tone they use for teaching numeracy skills or proper hygiene.If presented as a learning opportunity, rather than a punishment, children usually appreciate the lesson. It is important to note that most children are so desperate to have friends that they just jump on board.
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(Adapted from livescience.com-Tue Feb 2, 2010)

Questions

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b) What is the number one need of any human being?
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d) What is social rejection likely to lead to

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f) How can a parent make children appreciate the lesson on social skills?

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g) “How would you feel if Emma was hogging the tyre swing?” Re-write in reported speech.

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h) Make notes on the five-step approach to teach children social skills
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i) Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as used in the passage

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ii. Shunned

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iii. Jump on board
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Date posted: August 13, 2019. Answers (1)

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