Even though tattoos are sometimes associated with rebellion, they have longstanding history amongcommunities around the world....

      

Read that passage below and answer the questions that follow.

Even though tattoos are sometimes associated with rebellion, they have longstanding history among
communities around the world. Tahitians, for instance used tattoos as a permanent way of preserving their
culture and to show social ranking. Early Christians, on the other hand, often had the sign of a cross tattooed on their bodies, particularly their faces and arms, representing a permanent mark of the believer's faith.
The word 'tattoo' is derived from a Tahitian word tatau that means to mark. Tatau has been suggested to be the onomatopoeic sound tap, tap, tap made by the tapping of a tattoo instrument as it works on skin while 'au' is associated with the cry of pain a person gives when being tattooed.
The first ever tattoo to be found on a human being was found on a mummified iceman in 3,300BC with 58
tattoos on his body, which contained lines and dots. This is nothing, however, compared to Scottish Tom
Leopard, recorded as the world's most tattooed person, with 99.9 per cent of his body covered in leopard
skin design. Guinness world records record that the only part of his body that remained untattoed is the skin between his toes and inside of his ears.
When receiving a tattoo, the skin is pierced between 50 to 3,000 times per minute by a needle in the tattoo machine. Most tattoo machines consists of four parts: the needle, the tube that holds the ink, an electric motor, and a foot pedal that controls the movement ; almost similar to how a sewing machine works.
Sterilization and disposable materials are crucial to tattooing because tattoos are created by thousands of puncture marks to the skin, each of which could be infected. The autoclave is a safe popular way to sterilize any tattoo equipment that is not disposable. A combination of heat, steam and pressure kills all bacterial and organisms to prevent infection.
In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, tattoos were dangerous to have. European 'head hunters' caused a
terror by collecting tattooed Maori heads. As the odd sport became popular, more Moaris were murdered to
meet the demand. In the time, slaves began being tattooed so that their heads could be cut off and sold.
Luckily, however, Christian missionaries in the cook Island condemned the practice of tattooing quoting
the Bible “… do not cut your bodies for the dead or put marks on yourself….” They tried to stamp out the
custom going as far as trying to remove tattoos by rubbing the skin with sandstone in a practice that was
known as ' holy stoning'. This was the primitive forerunner to modern tattoo removal known as
dermabrasion, where the skin is 'sanded' to remove layers. Dermabrasion has now largely given way to
laser surgery as a popular means of tattoo removal.
While tattoos bring colour to humanity, research has shown that unclean tattooing practices can transmit
diseases such as hepatitis B. Some pigments used in tattoos contain metals that can cause pain during a
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) test, or even affect the resulting MRI image. Because of the possible
negative effects tattoos pose to humans, those keen on getting one have to be very careful before they get
one. That said, it is important to note that presently, many tattoo artists earn a good living out of the art.

(a) From paragraph one, state two historical uses of tattoos.
(b) According to the writer state the origin of the word tattoo.
c) What is most striking about Tom Leopard.
(d) What was the risk associated with tattooing in the 18th and 19th centuries.
(e) State two modern ways of tattoo removal.
(f) Many tattoo artists earn a good living out of the art. (Add a question tag)
(g) In note form state the negative effects of tattooing.
(h) What are the benefits of tattooing as suggested in the passage?
(i) Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the passage
Mummified
Sterilize
Pigments
Earn a good living

  

Answers


Kavungya
(a)-Tahitians used tattoos as a permanent way of preserving their culture and showing social ranking.
- Christians used tattoos to represent a permanent mark of the believers faith.

(b) Tattoo is derived from a Tahitian word ‘tatau’ that means to mark.

(c) He is recorded as the world’s most tattooed person with 99.9% of his body covered in
leopard skin design with only his toes and inside of his ears untattooed.

(d)European ‘head hunters’ caused terror by collecting tattooed Maori heads which led to the murdering of the Maoris.

(e)Dermabrasion
Laser surgery

(f)Many tattoo artists earn a good living out of the art, don’t they?

(g)- can lead to bacterial infection if sterilization is not properly done on the tattooing equipment.
- Unclean tattooing can transmit diseases like hepatitis B.
- Some pigments used contain metals that can cause pain during MRI.

(h)-tattoos bring colour to humanity.
- tattoo artists earn a good living from the art.

(i)Sterilize –make free from germs.
Mummified –A preserved dead body by rubbing it with special oil and wrapping it in cloth.
Pigments- colouring substances.
Earn a good living –get a lot of money.
Kavungya answered the question on October 31, 2019 at 09:47


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