Get premium membership and access questions with answers, video lessons as well as revision papers.

The following table shows some properties of period three elements and their chlorides. Study it and answer the questions that follow. a)Complete the table by filling...

      

The following table shows some properties of period three elements and their chlorides. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
fig1211120191125.png
a)Complete the table by filling in the formula of the missing chlorides.
b)In terms of structure and bonding, explain the following observations:
i)The melting point of aluminium is higher than that of sodium.
ii)The melting point of chlorine is lower than that of sulphur.
iii)The melting point of aluminium chloride is lower than that of magnesium chloride.
c)Sodium chloride dissolves in water to form a neutral solution but aluminium chloride dissolves
to form an acidic solution. Explain this observation.
d)Generally, the first ionization energy increases across the period. Explain
e)Iron (III) oxide was found to be contaminated with magnesium chloride. Describe how a pure dry sample of iron (III) oxide can be obtained.

  

Answers


Kavungya
a)NaCl, MgCl2 , AlCl3, SiCl4
b)i)Aluminium has more / 3 delocalised electrons per atom than sodium making it to have strong metallic bonds hence high melting point while sodium has only 1 delocalised electron per atom
ii)Chlorine molecule is smaller compared to that of sulphur; thus van der waals forces in chlorine molecule are weaker than in sulphur OWTTE
iii) Magnesium chloride has giant ionic structure while aluminium chloride has molecular structure. Ionic bonds in magnesium chloride are strong and require a lot of energy to break while the van der waals forces in aluminium chloride are weak and require little energy to break
c)Sodium chloride dissolves in water without being hydrolysed while aluminium chloride dissolves in water and is hydrolysed with the production of hydrogen ions (H+) which are responsible for the acidic properties
d)Across the period the effective nuclear charge increases due to increase in number of protons; this increases the force of attraction between the nucleus and electrons in the outermost energy level hence more energy required to remove them.
e)Add water to the mixture; magnesium chloride dissolves while iron (III) does not. Filter the mixture to obtain iron (III) oxide as the residue. Wash the residue with distilled water and dry it between two filter papers
Kavungya answered the question on November 1, 2019 at 08:29


Next: The diagram below is a simplified apparatus for extraction of sodium. Study it and answer the equations that follow:-
Previous: One of the steps in the extraction of Zinc metal from its ore is roasting of the ore in excess oxygen. Write equations for the reactions...

View More Chemistry Questions and Answers | Return to Questions Index


Learn High School English on YouTube

Related Questions