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Jean Piaget came up with the following stages of cognitive development that helps us understand a child's reasoning.
(a) Sensory-motor stage (birth-2 years).
At this stage, a child's intelligence and knowledge is acquired through manipulation of objects, movements and sensory experiences. They develop egocentric or object permanence/constancy. That is, objects continue to exist even if they cannot be seen.
(b) Pre-operational stage (2-7 years).
Kids learn through pretend play but still struggle with logic. They also struggle to understand the ideal of object constancy. For example, if you place two glasses of juice, one which is narrow and tall while the other is wide and short, the child is likely to prefer the longest one.
Motor coordination is well developed at this stage.
(c) Concrete operational stage (7-11 years).
Children begin to think more logically but their thinking can be very rigid (concrete). they become less egocentric in this stage.
(d) Formal operational (11-15 years).
Children at this stage have increased abstract reasoning. They are capable of seeing multiple potential solutions to problems and they think more scientifically about the world around them.
Mwalimu Bonface answered the question on March 30, 2020 at 19:54
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