Protandry and protogyny;
these are mechanisms where either the male or female parts of the reproductive organs ripen
at different times in some flowers; Protandry is a case where stamens ripen earlier; and anthers
release their pollen grains before the stigma is mature; while protogyny refers to a case where
the stigma matures earlier; and hence becomes ready to receive pollen grains before the
anthers are ready/ripe to shed the pollen grains; common in plants of the grass family;
Self-sterility or incompatibility;
is a case where pollen grains cannot germinate on stigma of the same plant;but only germinate
on a different plant of the same species; hindering self-pollination;
Heterostyly;
condition of having different arrangements of style and stigma; for instance flowers could have
shorter stamens than pistils; hence becomes impossible for the pollen to land, germinate and
fertilise the ovules of the same flower; pistils on some flowers could also be shorter than the
stamens therefore other mechanisms that hinder self-pollination are utilized;
Dioecius and monoecius plants;
dioecius plants have reproductive parts located separately on different plants of the same
species; discouraging self-pollination; while monoecius plants have the parts located at
different parts of the same plant body; encouraging cross-pollination;
Kavungya answered the question on May 13, 2021 at 14:08
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