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Schein's (2004), organizational model illuminates culture from the standpoint of the observer, described by three indicators.
i. Artifacts…….These are attributes of culture that can be seen, felt, and heard by the uninitiated observer. Included are the facilities, offices, furnishings, visible awards and recognition, the way that its members dress, how each person visibly interacts with each other and with organizational outsiders, and even company slogans, mission statements, and other operational creeds. Artifacts comprise the physical components of the organization that relays cultural meaning. They are the tangible aspects of culture shared by members of an organization.
ii. Values…….Shared values are individuals' preferences regarding certain aspects of the organization's culture (e.g. loyalty, customer service). At this level, local and personal values are widely expressed within the organization. Basic beliefs and assumptions include individuals' impressions about the trustworthiness and supportiveness of an organization, which are often deeply ingrained within the organization's culture.
iii. Assumptions…….At the third and deepest level, the organization's tacit assumptions are found. These are the elements of culture that are unseen and not cognitively identified in everyday interactions between organizational members. Additionally, these are the elements of culture which are often taboo to discuss inside the organization.
Chatelaine answered the question on June 16, 2021 at 06:53
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