Get premium membership and access questions with answers, video lessons as well as revision papers.
Deductive reasoning
· Deductive reasoning refers to determining if a specific conclusion is valid based on general principles or assertions. Deductive reasoning is like solving a well defined problem in that deductive reasoning problem involves large degree of constraints and the conclusion is easily assessed
· It is also as a well defined problem in that algorithm (step by step formulae) is appropriate for solutions
· Two forms of deductive reasoning have received a great deal of attention from cognitive researchers. These are syllogistic reasoning and conditional reasoning
Syllogistic reasoning
Syllogistics consist of two premises and conclusion. The premise and conclusion may begin with a universal quantifier or a particular quantifier. The terms in the syllogism may be stated positively or negatively. Syllogisms are either valid or invalid
All students are bright
All bright people complete assignments
Therefore all students complete assignments.
Syllogism may be valid depending on the truth of the premise. Bias effect also affects syllogistic reasoning
Conditional reasoning
The second form of deductive reasoning is called conditional reason or (if then reasoning) and involves evaluating whether a particular conclusion is valid given that certain conditions hold
e.g. If someone likes children then they are sensitive person
Mary likes children therefore marry is a sensitive person
Conditional statements provide the rules that are expressed in if then format. In general deductive reasoning fall into one of the two camps and could be described as rule based accounts. Basically this view contents that people posses representational equivalent to logic rules. The rules are applied to the premise to determine the conclusion
In general the explanation of how we reason deductively general falls under two categories. One overview might be rule based account of deductive reasoning. In this view it is assumed that people possess representational equivalent of logic rules The rules are applied to the premise to determine if the conclusion is valid. Another version is mental models view . According to this view we first form a mental model based on the information in the premise and our own previous experience. Next we search for mental model in which the premise would be true but the stated conclusion could be false. If the model is found the conclusion would be termed valid.
Chatelaine answered the question on June 17, 2021 at 13:06
- Explain three different approaches to problem solving(Solved)
Explain three different approaches to problem solving
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Distinguish between five sorts of problems(Solved)
Distinguish between five sorts of problems
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Mention and explain types of dyslexia(Solved)
Mention and explain types of dyslexia
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Describe the focus of psycholinguistics in study of language(Solved)
Describe the focus of psycholinguistics in study of language
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Describe the challenges experienced by dyslexic learners(Solved)
Describe the challenges experienced by dyslexic learners
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Explain the stages of language production as cited by Riegler & Riegler (Solved)
Explain the stages of language production as cited by Riegler & Riegler
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Language has many features that enable us to make use of them. Mention.(Solved)
Language has many features that enable us to make use of them. Mention.
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Sometimes our memory is distorted and we cannot remember information when we need it. Mention some of the ways in which our...(Solved)
Sometimes our memory is distorted and we cannot remember information when we need it. Mention some of the ways in which our memory becomes distorted.
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- What are the functions of autobiographic memories?(Solved)
What are the functions of autobiographic memories?
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Discuss explicit memory(Solved)
Discuss explicit memory
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Explain the two types of long term memory(Solved)
Explain the two types of long term memory
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- State and explain the five features that support articulatory loop(Solved)
State and explain the five features that support articulatory loop
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- State the components of memory(Solved)
State the components of memory
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- State the characteristics of short term memory(Solved)
State the characteristics of short term memory
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Discuss Attention as capacity(Solved)
Discuss Attention as capacity
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- State four theories of attention(Solved)
State four theories of attention
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Describe three theories of attention(Solved)
Describe three theories of attention
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Explain the process that are involved in perception(Solved)
Explain the process that are involved in perception
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Describe different senses and their role in perception(Solved)
Describe different senses and their role in perception
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)
- Describe the concept of perception(Solved)
Describe the concept of perception
Date posted: June 17, 2021. Answers (1)