i. Needs
A need can be defined as Something that is necessary for an individual to live a healthy life.
Or,
A need is something required for a safe, stable and healthy life (e.g. food, water, shelter)
ii. Rights
Rights can be defined as moral or legal claim or entitlement to have or do something.
iii. Treaty
A treaty is an agreement where the parties to it negotiate to reach common ground and avoid further conflict or disagreement. It is normally ratified by the lawmaking authority of the government whose representative has signed it. According to Article 2 (5) of the Constitution of Kenya 2010, any treaty or convention ratified by Kenya shall form part of the law of Kenya.
iv. Instrument
According to Human Rights law, an instrument is a treaty or any other international document relevant to international human rights law and the protection of human rights in general.
v. Convention
A ‘Convention’ is a treaty or legal instrument – an agreement in international law between countries.
vi. Signature
A signature is an act by which a State provides a preliminary endorsement to a treaty. By signing an international treaty, a state signals its intention to become a state party to it in the future. The signature does not establish the consent to be bound. However, it is a means of authentication and expresses the willingness of the signatory state to continue the treaty-making process. The signature qualifies the signatory state to proceed to ratification, acceptance or approval. It also creates an obligation to refrain, in good faith, from acts that would defeat the purpose of the treaty.
vii. Ratification
Ratification defines the international act whereby a state indicates its consent to be bound to a treaty if the parties intended to show their consent by such an act.
It is the action of giving formal consent to a treaty, to making it officially valid.
Only those States that signed a treaty when it was open for signature can proceed to ratify it.
viii. Accession
Accession is the act whereby a state accepts the offer or the opportunity to become a party to a treaty already negotiated and signed by other states. It has the same legal effect as ratification. Accession usually occurs after the treaty has entered into force. The Secretary-General of the United Nations, in his function as depositary, has also accepted accessions to some conventions before their entry into force.
ix. Domestication
Domestication is the process by which international agreements or treaties become part of law of a sovereign state. A country domesticates a treaty by passing domestic legislation that gives effect to the treaty in the national legal system.
By domestication, States achieve the incorporation into their domestic laws (domestication) of multilateral or bilateral treaties (international obligations) of which they are parties, so that the rights and duties contained in such treaties may become applicable and enforceable domestically in the States concerned.
x. Child abuse
Child abuse refers to physical, sexual, or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or a caregiver.
Or,
Child abuse is when a parent or caregiver, whether through action or failing to act, causes injury, death, emotional harm or risk of serious harm to a child and can occur: Prenatally (such as when a mother exposes an unborn child to drugs), directly to the child (such as in the case of physical abuse), or in the environment (such as in the case of manufacturing harmful substances in the presence of a child)
xi. Neglect
According to Child rights, neglect is a form of child abuse, and is a deficit in meeting a child's basic needs, including the failure to provide adequate health care, supervision, clothing, nutrition, housing as well as their physical, emotional, social, educational and safety needs.
It encompasses abandonment; lack of appropriate supervision; failure to attend to necessary emotional or psychological needs; and failure to provide necessary education, medical care, nourishment, shelter, and/or clothing.
xii. Child labor
Child labor refers to the exploitation of children through any form of work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and is mentally, physically, socially or morally harmful.
xiii. Advocacy
According to Child rights and protection, advocacy is the act of speaking out on the best interests of children. An individual or organization engaging in advocacy typically seeks to protect children's rights which may be abridged or abused in a number of areas.
Abraham Mayieka answered the question on July 22, 2021 at 04:01