State the lifestyle causes and the reduction measures of cardiovascular diseases.

i) Smoking: Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing heart disease by two to four times. Tobacco cessation and avoidance of second-hand smoke is recommended.
ii) Diet: A diet that is high in sodium (salt), saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol and sugar is a risk factor in heart attack. Adopting a low-fat, high-fiber diet including whole grains and plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables (at least five portions a day) can significantly reduce the risk.
iii) Sedentary lifestyle. Inactivity is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Research indicates that heart mass diminished in sedentary subjects as they aged, while it increased in the lifelong exercisers. The committed exercisers and Master athletes had heart mass that was similar to or exceeded that of healthy young sedentary subjects. That if people in middle age (45- to 60-year range) can exercise 4 to 5 times a week, this may go a very long way in preventing some of the major heart conditions of old age, including heart failure………..However for a heart patient, exercises should be based on the advice of a medical doctor. Following are general workout tips for heart disease patients:
• Any exercise should be paced and balanced with rest.
• Isometric exercises (such as push-ups and sit-ups) that involve straining muscles against other muscles or an immovable object should be avoided.
• Patient should not exercise outdoors when it is too cold, hot, or humid. High humidity may cause one to tire more quickly; extreme temperatures can interfere with circulation, make breathing difficult, and cause chest pain. Better choices are indoor activities such as mall walking.
• It is important for one to drink water even before one feels thirsty, especially on hot days.
• Extremely hot and cold showers or sauna baths should be avoided after exercise. These extreme temperatures increase the workload on your heart.
• Patient should steer clear of exercise in hilly areas. If they must walk in steep areas, they should slow down when going uphill to avoid working too hard. They should monitor their heart rate closely.
• If the patient's exercise program has been interrupted for a few days (for example, due to illness, vacation, or bad weather), ease them back into his routine. They should start with a reduced level of activity and gradually increase it until he's back where he started.
iv) Excess weight: People who have excess body fat—especially if a lot of it is at the waist—are more likely to develop heart disease and stroke even if they have no other risk factors. Decrease body fat; Body Mass Index (BMI) if overweight or obese.
v) Alcohol…. Excessive alcohol intake increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Limit alcohol consumption to the recommended daily limits; consumption of 1-2 standard alcoholic drinks per day. Limited consumption may reduce risk by 30%.
vi) Stress….. High levels of stress make other risk factors (such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure) worse. For example, if one is under stress, one’s blood pressure goes up; one may overeat, exercise less, and be more likely to smoke. When stress itself is a risk factor for heart disease, it could be because chronic stress exposes your body to unhealthy, persistently elevated levels of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. Studies also link stress to changes in the way blood clots, which increases the risk of heart attack.

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Titany answered the question on July 27, 2021 at 11:56