List and briefly explain the aim of an argument

1.Arguing to Inquire: Forming our opinions or questioning those we already have.
-The ancient Greeks used the word dialectic to identify an argument as inquiry; a more common term might be dialogue or conversation.
-Arguing to inquire helps us to form opinions, to question opinions and to reason our way through conflicts or contradictions
-It requires an attitude of patient questioning under non-threatening circumstances, usually done alone or among trusted friends and associates.
The primary purpose is a search for the truth.
Examples: Classroom discussions; journal writing; exploratory essays; letters; late-night bull sessions in a dorm

2.Arguing to Convince: Gaining assent from others through case-making.
While some inquiry may be never ending, the goal of most inquiry is to reach a conclusion, a conviction.
We seek an “earned opinion,” achieved through careful thought, research, and discussion. And then we usually want others to share this conviction, to secure the assent of an audience by means of reason rather than by force. Arguing to inquire centers on asking questions: we want to expose and examine what we think. Arguing to convince requires us to make a case, to get others to agree with what we think. While inquiry is a cooperative use of argument, convincing is competitive. We put our case against the case of others in an effort to win the assent of readers.
Examples: a lawyer’s brief; newspaper editorials; case studies; most academic writing

3.Arguing to Persuade: Moving others to action through rational, emotional, personal, and stylistic appeals.
-While arguing to convince seeks to earn the assent of readers or listeners, arguing to persuade attempts to influence their behavior, to move them to act upon the conviction.
Persuasion aims to close the gap between assent and action.
To convince focuses on the logic of an argument; to persuade will often rely on the personal appeal of the writer (what Aristotle called ethos) and involve an appeal to an audience’s emotions (pathos).
In addition to these personal and emotional appeals, persuasion exploits the resources of language more fully than convincing does.
Persuasion begins with difference and, when it works, ends with identity.
We expect that before reading our argument, readers will differ from us in beliefs, attitudes, and/or desires.
A successful persuasive argument brings readers and writer together, creating a sense of connection between parties.
Examples: Political speeches, sermons, advertising

4.Arguing to Negotiate: Exploring differences of opinion in the hope of reaching agreement and/or cooperation.
If efforts to convince and/or persuade the audience have failed, the participants must often turn to negotiation, resolving the conflict in order to maintain a satisfactory working relationship.
Each side must listen closely to understand the other side’s case and the emotional commitments and values that support that case.
The aim of negotiation is to build consensus, usually by making and asking for concessions. Dialogue plays a key role, bringing us full circle back to argument as inquiry. Negotiation often depends on collaborative problem-solving.
Examples: Diplomatic negotiations, labor relations, documents in organizational decision-making; essays seeking resolution of conflict between competing parties; also frequent in private life when dealing with disagreements among friends and family members.

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Titany answered the question on August 12, 2021 at 08:53