Describe five categories of civil society organization

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-The first type of CSOs are religious CSOs. These CSOs do not necessarily promote the worship of a given religion and most of the time their primary objective is not the promotion of the latter. However they are more or less linked to a given religion and act following a religious precept (ex: Christian charity). Their primary fields of intervention are education, health, emergency relief and basic assistance (food, clothing, shelter etc.). The Red Cross is a famous example of such CSOs.
-The second type of CSOs are community based CSOs. These are most of the time local CSOs based on solidarity, resource sharing and community building. Their primary fields of intervention are development ; housing, social services (such as child welfare, family services, youth welfare, services for the elderly and other personal social services), civic and legal assistance but also culture and recreation CSOs.
-The third type of CSOs are philanthropic CSOs. These organizations serve a cause without any religious affiliation and are based on values such as generosity and humanism. They include private and business foundations ( Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) but also independent NGOs such as Doctors Without Border (DWB) or Amnesty International.
-The fourth type of CSOs are expert CSOs. These CSOs act in the “new fields” which require at least some scientific knowledge, i.e. environment and finance. These CSOs are not exclusively composed of experts and scientists but they have – or at least they claim to have – an expertise unit and publish some technical reports. Greenpeace International or ATTAC are examples of such CSOs.
-The last type of CSOs are trade unions, which are labor and worker associations which promote their interests. In addition, we distinguish two types of hybrid organizations, which are, in a way, civil organizations, but which are not completely separated from States or firms. Government oriented NGOs (GONGOs) are independent civil organizations which are more or less influenced and controlled by national authorities. These organizations are especially developed in industrialized Asian countries, particularly in China, following the tradition of a strong bureaucratic central State. Business & Industry NGOs (BINGOs) are civil organizations which defend a given firm’s or industry’s interests, or at least which are very influenced by the latter. These organizations are especially developed in Anglo-Saxon countries, particularly the USA, following the tradition of a liberal capitalist oriented society.

Titany answered the question on August 27, 2021 at 07:47

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Describe five categories of civil society organization

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