Describe the origin and development of the International Classification of Diseases(ICD)

The first international classification edition, known as the International List of Causes of Death, was adopted by the International Statistical Institute in 1893.
- First attempts to systematically classify diseases were made in 17th & 18th century.
- During 17th century, John Graunt recognized the need to organize mortality data into some logical form and therefore developed the first statistical study of disease, called the London Bills of Mortality.
- In this work, Graunt classified the deaths of all children who were born alive but who died before they reached the age of six.
- Resulting classifications were considered to be of little utility, due to inconsistencies in nomenclature and poor statistical data.
- First medical statistician of the General Register Office of England and Wales, William Farr (1807-1883) submitted his Report in 1855 on nomenclature and statistical classification of diseases, in which he included most of those fatal diseases that affect health.
- Beginning of modern classification was first realized when Chief of Statistical Services of Paris, Jacques Bertillon(1851-1922) prepared classification based on the principle of distinguishing between general diseases and those localized to a particular organ or anatomical site. This was adopted in1893.

- The French Government, called the first International Conference for the Revision of the Bertillon, in Paris in 1900, thus beginning a series of revision conferences approximately 10 years apart.
- The Sixth Decennial Revision Conference in 1948 was a significant event in international vital and health statistics. It recommended the adoption of a comprehensive programme of international cooperation in the field of vital and health statistics.
- The Seventh Revision Conference was held in Paris in 1955 and, the revision was limitedto essential changes.
- The Eighth Revision Conference was convened by WHO in Geneva in 1965. The Eighth Revision was much more extensive.
- The International Conference for the Ninth Revision was convened by WHO in Geneva in 1975 and it came into effect from 1979.
- ICD-10 was endorsed by the Forty-third World Health Assembly in May 1990 and came in tousle in WHO Member States as from 1994. India adopted this classification in the year2000.
- ICD was originally conceived by William Farr.
-1893 ISI adopted 1st edition of international classification system: The International List of Causes of Death
-1899 “Causes of Death” adopted by some American and European counties New ICD edition approximately every 10 years
-ICD-2 (1910-1920) renamed: International Classification of Causes of Sickness and Death ICD-4 (1930-1938), transfer to categories based on etiology
-ICD-5 (1939-1948), comparability between successive ICD versions

-ICD-6 (1949-1957), WHO entrusted ICD as its criterion: International Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death:
a. For the first time included morbidity
b. New main category: Mental, Psychoneurotic, and Personality Disorders ICD-7 Seventh Revision -Conference was held in Paris in 1955 and, the revision was limited to essential changes.
-ICD-8 (1968-1978) Expanded cross-indexing hospital clinical records
-ICD-9 (1979-1994) Included narrative MBD descriptions similar to DSM-II language. a. 1978 refined classification and diagnosis of mental disorders
b. 1982 diagnostic instruments and algorithms shaped and refined
-ICD-10 was endorsed by the Forty-third World Health Assembly in May 1990 and came into u1s8e in WHO Member States as from 1994. India adopted this classification in 2000.

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Titany answered the question on August 27, 2021 at 09:48