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1 Type Theory
Type theories place personalities into clearly identifiable categories. Classification into types is the beginning of most sciences-types of rocks, kinds of plants and so on. Thus, it is not surprising that the first student of human nature try to classify kinds of people. In type theories relationship was sought to be established between features of face or body and personality. Classification of personalities on body basis is subjective. Type theories are simple and popular but carry no substances. The second basis to type personalities is psychological factors. One of the Freud’s pupils, the Swiss psychologists Carl Jung, divided all personalities into introverts and extroverts. These terms are normally associated with an individual’s sociability and interpersonal orientation. Extroverts are gregarious, sociable individuals, while introverts are shy, quiet and retiring.
Thus, type theories, body or psychological, though appealing as they provide a simple way of looking at personality, fail to reveal all complexities of personality
2. Trait Theories
Trait theories is another way of understanding personality. A personality trait is understood as an enduring attribute of a person that appears consistently in a variety of
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situations. A trait of an individual is abstracted from his behaviour and serves an useful — “unit of analysis” to understand personality.
Trait theorists assume that a personality can be described by its position on a number of continuous dimensions or scales, each of which represents a trait. Thus, we could rate an individual on a scale of intelligence, emotional stability, aggressiveness, creativeness or any of a number of other dimensions.
It is important to remember that traits are reactions, not something a person possesses. One does not posses shyness, he feels and acts shy under some circumstances. In many ways, the trait theory is a multiple model of type theory.
Titany answered the question on September 7, 2021 at 11:31
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