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This theory can be traced to the work of the pioneering behaviourist B.F. Skinner. It is considered a motivation theory as well as a learning theory. Reinforcement theory posits that motivated behaviour occurs as a result of reinforcers, which are outcomes resulting from the behaviour that makes it more likely the behaviour will occur again. There are four of these: positive reinforcement, avoidance, punishment, and extinction.
- Positive reinforcement is a reward or a positive outcome after a desired behaviour is performed; it serves to strengthen behaviour.
- Avoidance occurs when the individual chooses a behaviour to avoid unpleasant consequences; it can strengthen desired behaviour.
- Punishment is unpleasant consequences used to weaken undesired behaviour.
- Extinction is ending undesired behaviour by ignoring and not reinforcing it. Skinner’s work shows that many behaviours can be controlled through the use of rewards. In fact, a person might be influenced to change his or her behaviour by giving him or her rewards. Employees who do an exceptionally good job on a particular project should be rewarded for that performance. It will motivate them to try to do an exceptional job on their next project. Employees must associate the reward with the behaviour. In other words, the employee must know for what specifically he or she is being rewarded! The reward should come as quickly as possible after the behaviour.
Titany answered the question on September 20, 2021 at 12:45
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