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-Goitre
This is a condition characterised by swelling in the neck as a result of the enlargement
of the thyroid gland. The gland enlarges as it attempts to compensate for lack of
iodine essential to its major role in the synthesis of thyroxin. The pituitary gland
hormone that stimulates the thyroid hormone production, thyroid stimulating hormone
also stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland. Too much growth of the gland causes
difficulties in breathing.
Goitre is also associated with the consumption of goitrogens (substance in foods such
as the cabbage family and water that interfere with thyroid gland metabolism and thus
may cause goitre if consumed in large amounts). Defects in the enzymes necessary for
the synthesis and release of thyroxin can also lead to goitre. Goitre is common in
areas where the soil is poor in iodine due to leaching. Goitre incidences are six times
more in females than males with adolescent girls and pregnant women being more
susceptible.
-Cretinism
If an expectant mother consumes iodine deficient diets during the early pregnancy,
her infant may be born with a short stature (dwarfed) and with mental retardation.
Maternal iodine needs take precedence over foetal needs. The retarded body growth is
referred to as cretinism characterized by physical dwarfness, mental retardation, thick-
dry skin and enlarged protruding stomach.
-Myxedema
This is a condition seen in adults who have had symptoms of hypothyroidism
throughout their development and growth period. It is characterized by coarse sparse
hair, dry, yellowish hair, poor tolerance to cold and low husky voice.
-Hyperthyroidism
This is where basal metabolic rate is accelerated by as much as 100% above normal
and is associated with over activity of the thyroid gland and experience nervousness,
weight loss, increased appetite, intolerance to heat, tremors and protruding eyeballs.
Titany answered the question on November 8, 2021 at 06:06
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