Describe the causes of industrial disputes

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The causes of industrial disputes can be broadly classified into two categories: economic and non-economic causes. The economic causes will include issues relating
to compensation like wages, bonus, allowances, and conditions for work, working hours, leave and holidays without pay, unjust layoffs and retrenchments. The
non economic factors will include victimization of workers, ill treatment by staff
members, sympathetic strikes, political factors, indiscipline etc.
Wages and allowances: Since the cost of living index is increasing, workers generally bargain for higher wages to meet the rising cost of living index and to increase
their standards of living. In 2002, 21.4% of disputes were caused by demand of
higher wages and allowances. This percentage was 20.4% during 2003 and during
2004 increased up to 26.2%. In 2005, wages and allowances accounted for 21.8%
of disputes. Personnel and retrenchment: The personnel and retrenchment have
also been an important factor which accounted for disputes. During the year 2002,
disputes caused by personnel were 14.1% while those caused by retrenchment and
layoffs were 2.2% and 0.4% respectively. In 2003, a similar trend could be seen,
wherein 11.2% of the disputes were caused by personnel, while 2.4% and 0.6%
of disputes were caused by retrenchment and layoffs. In year 2005, only 9.6% of
the disputes were caused by personnel, and only 0.4% were caused by retrenchment. Indiscipline and violence: From the given table, it is evident that the number
of disputes caused by indiscipline has shown an increasing trend. In 2002, 29.9%
of disputes were caused because of indiscipline, which rose up to 36.9% in 2003.
Similarly in 2004 and 2005, 40.4% and 41.6% of disputes were caused due to indiscipline respectively. During the year 2003, indiscipline accounted for the highest
percentage (36.9%) of the total time-loss of all disputes, followed by cause-groups
wage and allowance and personnel with 20.4% and11.2% respectively. A similar
trend was observed in 2004 where indiscipline accounted for 40.4% of disputes.
Bonus: Bonus has always been an important factor in industrial disputes. 6.7% of
the disputes were because of bonus in 2002 and 2003 as compared to 3.5% and
3.6% in 2004 and 2005 respectively.

Leave and working hours: Leaves and working hours have not been so important
causes of industrial disputes. During 2002, 0.5% of the disputes were because of
leave and hours of work while this percentage increased to 1% in 2003. During
2004, only 0.4% of the disputes were because of leaves and working hours.
Miscellaneous: The miscellaneous factors include
- Inter/Intra Union Rivalry - Charter of Demands - Work Load - Standing orders/rules/service
conditions/safety measures - Non-implementation of agreements and awards etc.

Titany answered the question on December 3, 2021 at 07:42

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