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Numerous theories explain causation of crimes
a. Demonology: Crime is caused by evil spirits. Offenders are taken to be possessed by evil spirits. Methods such as prayers, rituals and torture were used to eliminate criminal behaviors
b. Classical and neo-classical theories: Hedonistic theories: persons make decisions to engage in criminal activities based on anticipated balance for pleasure and pain. Every person has a free will but always weighs the benefits and costs and engages in the behavior with maximum benefits and low costs. To correct an offender punishment that is definite and costly than benefits is assigned.
c. Marxist-Leninist theory: all crime is taken to be a product of oppression. To deal with crime people should aim at classless society by applying equality and justice.
d. Physical and mental trait theories: Phrenology assumed that crime is related to the size and shape of the body. Grooves, ridges and number of bumps on the skull were checked.
e. Lombrosian theory: It assumed that criminals inherited certain physical abnormalities or stigmata such as: scanty beards, low sensitivity to pain, distorted pain, large lips or long arms. The more the abnormalities the more the predisposition to criminality.
Titany answered the question on December 7, 2021 at 09:32
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