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Methods of obtaining a listing at the stock exchange:
- Offer for subscription: Can be fixed or by tender and occurs where the issuing authority offers the shares directly to the public using an intermediary.
- Placing: A sponsor buys the whole issue and then determines terms for sale to its own clients. Any unplaced shares are sold to a second broker known as an intermediary.
- Introduction: Method available to companies that already have a good spread of shareholders or companies already quoted on an overseas exchange.
- Tender offer: Where shares are subscribed for using a bidding system.
Kavungya answered the question on December 15, 2021 at 06:13
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Date posted: December 15, 2021. Answers (1)
- What is a primary market?(Solved)
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Date posted: December 15, 2021. Answers (1)
- Insectkill Ltd. is considering whether to establish a new subsidiary in Uganda. The cost of the fixed assets would be Sh.10,000,000 in total, with Sh.7,500,000...(Solved)
Insectkill Ltd. is considering whether to establish a new subsidiary in Uganda. The cost of the fixed assets would be Sh.10,000,000 in total, with Sh.7,500,000 payable at once and the remainder payable after one year. A further investment of Sh.3,000,000 in working capital would be required immediately.
The management of Insectkill Ltd. expect all their investments to be financially justifiable within a four year planning horizon. The net disposal value of fixed assets after four years is expected to be zero.
The operation would incur fixed costs amounting to Sh.5,200,000 a year in the first year, including depreciation of Sh.2,000,000. These costs, excluding depreciation are expected to increase by 5% each year because of inflation. The operation would involve the manufacture and sale of a standard unit, with a unit selling price of Sh.12 and variable cost of sh.6 in the first year and expected annual increase because of inflation of 4% and 7% respectively. Annual sales are expected to be 1,250,000 units.
The company's cost of capital is 14%.
Required:
(a) Fixed costs for the four years.
(b) Total contribution for each of the four years.
(c) (i) Net Present Value of the project
(ii) Is the project viable?
Date posted: December 15, 2021. Answers (1)
- Mary Atieno owns a chain of seven clothes shops in Kisumu town. Takings at each shop are remitted once a week on Thursday afternoon to...(Solved)
Mary Atieno owns a chain of seven clothes shops in Kisumu town. Takings at each shop are remitted once a week on Thursday afternoon to the head office and are then banked at the start of business on Friday morning. As business is expanding, Mary Atieno has hired a finance assistant to help her. The finance assistant gave the following advice: “Turnover at the seven shops totaled Shs. 1,950,000 last year at a constant daily rate but you were paying bank overdraft charges at a rate of 11% per annum. You could have reduced your overdraft costs by banking the shop takings each day except Saturdays. Saturdays takings could have been banked on Mondays.
Required:
Using numbered paragraphs, comment on the significance of this advice, stating your assumptions.
(“Note” The shops are closed on Sundays).
Date posted: December 15, 2021. Answers (1)
- Name and briefly explain five ways in which cash flow problems may arise.(Solved)
Name and briefly explain five ways in which cash flow problems may arise.
Date posted: December 15, 2021. Answers (1)
- (a) Nakuru Bottlers Ltd. is a mineral water company based in Nakuru town. The company is listed on the Stock Exchange. Due to the huge...(Solved)
(a) Nakuru Bottlers Ltd. is a mineral water company based in Nakuru town. The company is listed on the Stock Exchange. Due to the huge demand for its products, the company is in the process of expanding its bottling facilities. The board of directors is undecided as to whether to have a rights issue or a placing on the stock exchange.
Required:
(i) Explain the meaning of a rights issue and list its advantages.
(ii) Explain the meaning of a stock placing and list its advantages.
(b) Nakuru Bottlers Ltd. can achieve a profit after tax of 20% on the capital employed. At present, its capital structure is as follows:
Required:
(i) Calculate the number of shares that must be issued if the rights issue price is Sh.25, Sh.23.40, Sh.21.50, Sh.26 and Sh.27.10.
(ii) Calculate the dilution in earning per share in each case.
Date posted: December 15, 2021. Answers (1)
- Hafix Ltd. is a manufacturing company. Its projected turnover for the year 2002 is Sh.150,000,000. At present the costs as percentages of sales are as...(Solved)
Hafix Ltd. is a manufacturing company. Its projected turnover for the year 2002 is Sh.150,000,000. At present the costs as percentages of sales are as follows:
On average:
1. Debtors will take 2½ months before payment
2. Raw materials will be in stock for three months.
3. Work-in-progress will represent two months worth of half produced goods.
4. Finished goods will represent one month's production.
5. Credit will be taken as follows:
(i) Direct materials 2 months
(ii) Direct labour 1 week
(iii) Variable overheads 1 month
(iv) Fixed overheads 1 month
(v) Selling and distribution ½ month
Work-in-progress and finished goods will be valued at material, labour and variable expense cost.
Required:
Working capital requirements of Haffix Ltd. assuming the labour force will be paid for 50 working weeks in the year 2002.
Date posted: December 15, 2021. Answers (1)
- Mchunguzi Limited has compiled the following information on its financing costs:
Mchunguzi Ltd. is in the 30 per cent tax bracket and has a target debt-equity...(Solved)
Mchunguzi Limited has compiled the following information on its financing costs:
Mchunguzi Ltd. is in the 30 per cent tax bracket and has a target debt-equity ratio of 100 percent. The company managers would like to keep the market values of short-term and long-term debt equal.
Required:
(a) The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) using:
(i) Book-value weights.
(ii) Market-value weights.
(iii) Target-weights.
(b) Explain the differences between the three WACC calculated in (a) above. What are the correct weights to use in the WACC calculation?
Date posted: December 15, 2021. Answers (1)
- List three advantages to the management of a company for knowing who their shareholders are.(Solved)
List three advantages to the management of a company for knowing who their shareholders are.
Date posted: December 15, 2021. Answers (1)
- Describe four non-financial objectives that a company might pursue that have the effect of limiting the achievement of the financial objectives.(Solved)
Describe four non-financial objectives that a company might pursue that have the effect of limiting the achievement of the financial objectives.
Date posted: December 15, 2021. Answers (1)
- The theory of company finance is based on the assumption that the objective of management is to maximize the market value of a company. To...(Solved)
The theory of company finance is based on the assumption that the objective of management is to maximize the market value of a company. To be able to do this, we need to be able to put values on a company and its shares.
Required:
Briefly explain three methods that can be used to value a company.
Date posted: December 15, 2021. Answers (1)
- You are trying to evaluate the economics of purchasing a van for your rental business. You expect the van to provide an annual after tax...(Solved)
You are trying to evaluate the economics of purchasing a van for your rental business. You expect the van to provide an annual after tax cash benefit of Sh.240,000 and that you can sell it for Sh.160,000 after six years. All the funds for purchasing the van will come from your savings which are currently earning 14% return after taxes.
Required:
(i) Calculate the maximum price you would be willing to pay to acquire the van.
(ii) Assume that you are of good credit standing and if you choose you could
borrow the money to purchase the van instead of using your savings. You have
two alternative sources from which to borrow.
Alternative A:
From a finance company. The finance company requires you to make six
annual installments of Sh.244,787.15 each covering both interest and principal.
Alternative B:
From an insurance company. The insurance company requires you to make a
lump sum payment of Shs. 1,880,971.90 covering both interest and principal at
the end of six years.
Which alternative would you opt for?
Date posted: December 14, 2021. Answers (1)
- Sunny Ltd is evaluating whether to replace an old printing machine with a new one. The following information relate to the two machines:
Required:
Using the net...(Solved)
Sunny Ltd is evaluating whether to replace an old printing machine with a new one. The following information relate to the two machines:
Required:
Using the net present value (NPV) method, analyze the replacement decision and state
whether or not the old machine should be replaced.
Date posted: December 14, 2021. Answers (1)
- Mecal Modern Company is a manufacturer of a popular range of items. The “industry” characteristics, on the average, are as shown below:
- Average collection period...(Solved)
Mecal Modern Company is a manufacturer of a popular range of items. The “industry” characteristics, on the average, are as shown below:
- Average collection period is 60 days and the inventory turnover is 5 times (on net sales)
- Credit sales are 50% of net sales
- Current ratio is 2:1. Of the current assets, 25% is cash.
- Debt is 30% of total assets
- Rate of return on total assets average 6.6667% and the average turnover on total assets is 2 times.
Mecal's current assets are shown as Sh.16,000,000 and the reported net profits (after tax) were
Sh.1,200,000. Retained profits were Sh.2,500,000 inclusive of current year.
Required:
Prepare a proforma balance sheet for Mecal Company showing as much detail as possible.
(Clearly state any assumptions made).
Date posted: December 14, 2021. Answers (1)
- United Steel has just been reorganized to produce industrial machinery. The company is in the process of establishing a financial policy and the following two...(Solved)
United Steel has just been reorganized to produce industrial machinery. The company is in the process of establishing a financial policy and the following two alternative plans have been suggested.
(a)Calculate the expected Earnings Per Share (EPS) for each financial plan.
(b) Which financial plan should be accepted? Why?
(c) Calculate the level of EBIT where the EPS are equal for the two plans.
Date posted: December 14, 2021. Answers (1)
- BCB Company is a manufacturer of bricks and concrete blocks. The company is considering replacing part of the current manual labour force by purchasing a...(Solved)
BCB Company is a manufacturer of bricks and concrete blocks. The company is considering replacing part of the current manual labour force by purchasing a small tractor with a forklift for use in loading bricks and concrete blocks. The purchase price would be Sh.570,000. The tractor will have an economic life of 5 years but would
require a Sh.20,000 overhaul at the end of 3 years. After 5 years the tractor could be sold for Sh.110,000.
The company estimates it will cost Sh.250,000 per year to operate the tractor. It will, however, save Sh.130,000 annually on labour cost. Because of increase in handling efficiency, losses caused by breakages will be cut by Sh.220,000 per year. Sales will also go up by Sh.450,000. The new sales level is expected to be maintained throughout the tractor's life. Assume the company's gross margin ratio is 40%, corporate tax rate 30%, and cost of capital 16%. Also assume straight-line method of depreciation.
Required:
Determine the NPV of the project and state whether the tractor should be purchased.
Date posted: December 14, 2021. Answers (1)
- Describe the characteristics of long term capital investment decisions.(Solved)
Describe the characteristics of long term capital investment decisions.
Date posted: December 14, 2021. Answers (1)
- Mr. Hesabu Kazi is considering giving up his paid employment and going into business on his own
account. He is considering buying a quarry pit with...(Solved)
Mr. Hesabu Kazi is considering giving up his paid employment and going into business on his own
account. He is considering buying a quarry pit with a “life” of about 35 years. To purchase this
business, he would have to pay £2,375,000 now. Mr. Kazi wishes to retire in 20 years‟ time.
He predicts that the net cash operating receipts from this business will be £625,000 per annum
for the first 15 years and £500,000 per annum for the last 5 years. He thinks that the business
could be sold at the end of the 20 year period for £750,000. Additionally, he estimates that
certain capital replacements and improvements would be necessary and this should amount to
£50,000 per annum for the first 5 years; £75,000 per annum for the next 5 years, £100,000 per
annum for the next 7 years and nothing for the last three years. This expenditure would be
incurred at the start.
Mr. Kazi has excluded any compensation to himself from the above data. If he should purchase
the business, however, he would have to leave his present job in which he earns £250,000 a year.
To finance the purchase of this business, he would have to realize his present savings which are
invested to yield a return of 10 per cent before tax, and have a comparable risk factor.
Required:
(a) Advise Mr. Kazi as to whether or not it is advisable to purchase the business in the light
of the information given.
Ignore Income Tax.
(b) Is there any additional information which you would have liked to have available to you
before giving advise to Mr. Kazi?
Date posted: December 14, 2021. Answers (1)
- XYZ Ltd is intending to raise capital to finance a new project. The current M.P.S is Sh.43 cum div of year 2001 declared but not...(Solved)
XYZ Ltd is intending to raise capital to finance a new project. The current M.P.S is Sh.43 cum div of year 2001 declared but not yet paid. For the part 5 years, the company has paid the following stream of dividends.
The debentures are currently selling at Sh.95 ex-interest. The corporate tax rate is 30%.
Required:
(a) Distinguish between cum-div and ex-div M.P.S.
(b) Compute the ex-div M.P.S
(c) Compute the overall cost of capital. Use dividend growth model to determine the cost
of equity.
(d) The company wants to raise additional Sh.20 million as
follows: 50% from retained earnings
30% from issue of debentures at the current market value
20% from issue of new ordinary shares with 10% floatation costs
(i) Compute the number of ordinary shares to issue to raise the amount required.
(ii) Compute the marginal cost of capital.
Date posted: December 14, 2021. Answers (1)
- The most recent balance sheet for Supremo Ltd is presented here below:
The company is about to embark on an advertising campaign which is expected to...(Solved)
The most recent balance sheet for Supremo Ltd is presented here below:
The company is about to embark on an advertising campaign which is expected to raise sales
from their present level of Sh.27.5 million to Sh.38.5 million by the end of next financial year.
The firm is presently operating at full capacity and will have to increase its investment in both
current and fixed assets to support the projected level of sales. It is estimated that both
categories of assets will rise in direct proportion to the projected increase in sales.
For the year just ended, the firm's net profits were 6% of the year's sales but are
expected to rise to 7% of projected sales. To help support its anticipated growth in assets
needs next year the firm has suspended plans to pay cash dividends to its shareholders. In years
past, a dividend of Sh.6.60 per share has been paid annually.
Supremo's trade creditors and accrued expenses are expected to vary directly with
sales. In addition, notes payable will be used to supply the added funds to finance next years
operations that are not forthcoming from other sources.
Required:
a) i)Estimate the amount of additional funds to be raised through notes payable.
ii) What one fundamental assumption have you made in making your estimate?
b) Prepare pro-forma balance sheet of Supremo Ltd. on 30 November 1996.
c) i)Calculate and compare Supremo Ltd.'s current and debt ratios before and after
growth in sales.
ii) What was the effect of the expanded sales on these two dimensions of
Supremo's financial condition?
Date posted: December 14, 2021. Answers (1)