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Prof Jerome Bruner–
(Psychologist of Harvard University)
His theory was mainly on instruction rather than learning. He emphasized learning by discovery method.
He points out 3 main areas that influence an instruction;
Environment – where the teacher must create an environment wherever the desire to learn is stimulated and the learners are free to make mistakes, manipulate objects to discover mathematical concepts.
Structure of knowledge – the contents should be presented in a form that the learner can understand so that terminologies, symbols, vocabulary and examples are for the level of the learner.
Sequence of material presentation:
This is done in 3 levels
Enactive – the child manipulates concrete materials or objects directly.
Iconic – the child thinks of objects and use imagery when dealing with mental images of objects.
Symbolic – he manipulates using language/words and no longer uses mental images of objects.
According to Brunner, learning process moves from concrete to the abstract symbolic representation.
Criticism of Brunner
He says any child can learn anything – but there are things a child cannot learn. To Brunner, there is no need for curriculum construction; teachers only need to determine what is important in the curriculum at the level they wish to teach.
Teachers should not ask “Can my students learn this? “Hence the teachers only need to organize the subject/ideas/matter so that students can find them accessible.
Titany answered the question on January 6, 2022 at 06:17
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