1. Zero transfer
This refers to acquiring knowledge, skills or principles that are not transferable from one
situation to another. This occurs, when there is no relationship between one subject and
another one. Therefore, learning one subject has no effect on the other one positively or
negatively. Examples of zero transfer can be illustrated by the learning of mathematics
and Kiswahili. Unless Kiswahili is used as a language of instruction in mathematics there
is no other relationship between the two. Mathematical principles will not help a learner
understand Kiswahili principles or vise versa.
2.Negative transfer
Negative transfer occurs when content in a subject or in two different subjects has a
negative influence o one another. This happens when what is learned in one situation
hinders or inhibits what is learned in another situation. For example, if a learner is
introduced to two new languages, which are similar at the same time, negative transfer
occurs. A learner who is learning English and German at the same time experiences
difficulties mastering both languages simultaneously due to inhibition or interference.
3. Positive transfer occurs, when knowledge acquired in one situation helps the learner to
acquire knowledge, skills or principles in another situation much faster. For example
learning of mathematical principles enables the learner to acquire principles in physics.
There are many illustrations of positive transfer in the school setting, which can be
mentioned here: For example, learning grammar in any language and writing
compositions in the language.
The learning of biology and agriculture. Positive transfer indicates a positive relationship
between particular topic areas in given subjects or even two or more content areas in
different subjects.
NatalieR answered the question on February 10, 2022 at 12:05
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