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1. The hereditary position
This position holds the view that it is nature and not nurture that
determines the intellectual giftedness of individual children. According to this view,
intellectual ability is genetically determined. Adherents of this position believe strictly in the role played by genes in the determination of human traits.
2. The environmental position-
This position attributes variations in intellectual ability to
environmental causes. Children’s intellectual giftedness is ultimately determined by
nurture not nature. This view focuses on the importance of improving environmental
conditions, enriching them in order to influence intelligence positively. Adherents of this position believe that experiences provided by different environmental conditions and demands shape
intelligence. Among these psychologists is the J.B. Watson, who prided himself that if he
were given a dozen children and his own environments to raise them in, he would
produce any kind of person. He would shape one into a beggar, another into a thief, the
third into a banker and so on.
3. The interactionist position-Adherents of this
position recognize that genes or nature contribute certain potentialities towards
intellectual endowment but the actual determinant to what a child’s intellectual ability
will be lies in the interaction between what is genetically given and the environment. This
position identifies the interaction between nurture and nature as the sole determinant of
intellectual ability in a child. This is a popularly held position today and we need to
examine what genes contribute and what the environment contributes towards the
shaping of intellectual ability.
NatalieR answered the question on February 10, 2022 at 12:35
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