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Attempts have been made by various scholars to bird out the relationship between culture and behaviour.
1. According to a Swiss political and social scientist, Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-78), human nature is basically good but is corrupted by civilization. In his book, Emile (1762), Rousseau indicates how a child might be brought to a state of physical and psychological self efficiency through a system of personal tutoring geared to the child's own developing nature. He further stated that each man was an equal member of a sovereign body which collectively determined the laws they will live cinder. He felt each man has a particular will which is what differentiated men from each other. This will is always in opposition to the general will. He advocated a number of devices to prevent the opposing will from having degenerative effects on the general will of the sovereign body. Men must he educated into citizenship and their identity as citizens must be reinforced by among others a civil religion.
2. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), an English philosopher and political theorist, held the view that human beings are basically selfish and aggressive but are held in check by civilization. He sought to demonstrate that man's natural condition was one of unmitigated strife. How- ever, since man possessed reason, he was able to discover those principles of conduct which he ought to follow for his security and safety. He referred to these principles as `convenient articles of peace' under which men agreed to lay down their natural right to everything and submit to absolute and undivided sovereign authority.
3. According to the Symbolic Interaction Theory by George Herbert Mead (1863-1931), human beings do not act individually on the social world, but instead they interact between each other reacting to each other. According to this theory, acting and reacting towards each other signify the human effort towards social interaction. People's behaviour and attitude change, depending on social circumstances. People learn to modify, limit or change behaviour largely based on societal norms. People use symbols in interaction. These include language, gestures, art, music and drama.
francis1897 answered the question on August 18, 2022 at 11:02
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