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a) Material Culture
The physical objects that people create form a group's material culture. This consists of concrete objects. These are physical objects which gain meaning through the context in which they are placed. They include tangible or observable things like buildings, type of shelter, clothing, implements, the food they eat and their art work. Sociologists use the term artifacts to refer to the physical objects of the material culture. One can use material culture to categorize people of various ethnic groups. For instance, a Masaai would dress in a distinct manner from a Kamba. Their houses too will show unique features.
b) Non-Material Culture
Abstract human creations form a group's non-material culture. This is wide ranging, since it includes symbols and philosophies, for example the Nyayo Philosophy is only applicable in Kenya. Non-material culture also includes language, ideas, beliefs, rules, skills, family patterns, work practices and political and economic systems.
There are also sub cultures in societies. These, according to Cohen (1955), are "cultures which exist within cultures." Sub cultures have; three major characteristics: the group identified as a Subculture shares a distinctive way of life and possesses knowledge, beliefs, values, codes, tastes and prejudices of its own. These are learned from others in the group who already exhibit these characteristics. Their way of life has a historical dimension and has `somehow become traditions l' among those who inherit and share the social conditions to which the sub cultural characteristics are a response. This subculture is common among teen-age gangs but can also apply to social class, neighborhoods; religious groups and specific elite schools.
francis1897 answered the question on August 18, 2022 at 11:24
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