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a) Contest/achieved status
These positions are open for competition. Those who are able to, can achieve these positions. Achieved statuses are not assigned to persons from birth. They are left open to be filled through competition and individual effort. Among the commonly achieved statuses are education, occupation, income and marital status.
b) Ascribed status
These are permanent attributes, for example sex/gentler, age, place of birth, colour of skin, birth, height and the family one is born into. These traits, which are present at birth (e.g. sex, race, ethnicity, parental wealth) influence subsequent social standing of individuals. Modern societies generally shun ascription of all kinds as undesirable or discriminatory. Government policies are therefore usually directed towards fashioning a stratification system in which individuals acquire resources solely by virtue of their achievements. The assumption here is that one could be condemned to his position. If, for example, one comes from a poor family, it is assumed that he/she will remain so unless redress is taken. This system of thinking and doing is ideal and works in some cases.
Quite a number of African societies combine both the ascribed and achieved statuses except that achieved statuses are increasingly more dominant. In effect, individuals are never equal. Through education, people are able to move between classes, incomes, statuses and prestige.
francis1897 answered the question on August 19, 2022 at 08:11
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