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1. Plosives:
They occur when the articulating organs come into very close a contact that stops the flow of air completely. Pressure builds behind the articulating organs; and when the organs are set apart quickly, the air escapes with plosion. The sounds are called stops because of the complete stoppage of air. They are called plosives due to the way air escapes with plosion.
Plosives
Use complete closure stricture. Examples include:
Oral plosives: /p, b, d, t, k, g /
Nasal stops: /m, n, ? /
2. Fricatives:
They result when organs come close together in such a way that air escapes through organs causing friction that is audible. The degree of opening is slightly bigger than that of complete closure. Fricatives make use of close approximation stricture. They include:
/f, v, s, z, h, ð, , ,
3. Laterals:
It involves partial closure in the mouth. Laterals make use of close approximation. The airstream is blocked by the tip of the tongue but allowed to escape along the side of the tongue. It includes /l/.
4. Approximants:
It is produced with the articulating organs wide apart .Air therefore flows out without any friction. It includes/ j/.
5. Trill:
It is articulated with two stricture types; an alternation between complete closure and an open approximation. You repeatedly use the two strictures. A good example is /r/.
6. Affricates:
Initially there is complete closure as for a plosive. This is then followed by a slow release friction for a fricative. Example include /t / and /.Flap
The flap or tap is formed with a very brief complete closure. The active articulator touches the passive articulators very briefly and lightly. It is normally seen in American pronunciation of letter /l/ and /n/ in words like ‘water’ and ‘metal’.
francis1897 answered the question on August 23, 2022 at 08:32
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