1. Mental retardation:
Mental retardation is a term used to describe a person with certain limitations in mental functioning and social skills, with specific regard to communicating and taking care of themselves.
Mental retardation is a condition that refers to an individual's level of intellectual functioning. When onset occurs at age 18 or after, it is called dementia. It is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. Children diagnosed with mental retardation tend to experience slower development than a typical child and may take longer learning to speak, walk, and attend to their personal needs, such as dressing and eating.
Other behavioral traits associated with MR include aggression, dependency, impulsivity, passivity, self-injury, stubbornness, low self-esteem, and low frustration tolerance. Some may also exhibit mood disorders such as psychotic disorders and attention difficulties, though others are pleasant, otherwise healthy individuals. Sometimes physical traits, like shortness in stature and malformation of facial elements, can set individuals with MR apart, while others may have a normal appearance.
2. Autism:
Autism is a complex neurobehavioral disorder that includes impairments in social interaction and developmental language and communication skills combined with rigid, repetitive behaviors.
Autism is a disorder of communication and behavior. People with this condition have difficulty socializing and processing information. These individuals are capable of learning if given the proper education and learning environment to develop their skills.
3. Cerebral palsy:
Cerebral palsy is described as a group of conditions characterized by difficulty in muscular control and coordination.
The term, 'Cerebral Palsy, is used to describe a group of chronic conditions which affect body movements and muscle coordination in persons affected with the disorder.
Cerebral Palsy causes damage to one or more particular areas of the person's brain, and usually occurs during fetal development or before, during, or shortly after birth; although the damage may be done during infancy. Some people with cerebral palsy can do only simple tasks related to work and self-care, while others have attained professional careers and lead independent lives.
4. Orthopedic problems:
These are many conditions that affect our body's musculoskeletal system, that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional.
Anything that is concerned with muscles, ligaments and joints is considered orthopedic.
5. Learning problems:
It’s a term that describes specific kinds of learning problems. A learning disability can cause a person to have trouble learning and using certain skills. The skills most often affected are: reading, writing, listening, speaking, reasoning, doing math.
People with learning problems are affected on how they receive and process information.
Children and adults with learning disabilities see, hear, and understand things differently. This can lead to trouble with learning new information and skills, and putting them to use. The most common types of learning disabilities involve problems with reading, writing, math, reasoning, listening, and speaking.
6. Hearing problems:
Hearing is a complex sense involving both the ear's ability to detect sounds and the brain's ability to interpret those sounds, including the sounds of speech. Hearing loss is being partly or totally unable to hear sound in one or both ears. Hearing loss can be caused by many different causes, some of which can be successfully treated with medicine or surgery, depending on the disease process.
7. Epilepsy:
It is characterized by sudden seizures or muscle convulsions, and partial to total loss of consciousness, mental confusion, disturbances of bodily functions, such as: spots before the eyes, ringing in the ears and dizziness.
The seizures occur because of a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain - there is an overload of electrical activity in the brain. This causes a temporary disturbance in the messaging systems between brain cells. During a seizure the patient's brain becomes "halted" or "mixed up".
8. Spina bifida:
It’s a condition that develops as a result of incomplete development of the brain, spinal cord, and/or their protective coverings, which are caused by the failure of the fetus' spine to close properly during the first month of pregnancy.
Spina Bifida is a form of neural tube defect. Children who are born with Spina Bifida may have an open lesion on their spine causing notable damage to their nerves and spinal cord and when this happens, the child can have a physical disability called spina bifida.
Persons with Spina Bifida often experience a form of learning disability in conjunction with physical and mobility disability that is the damage to the child's nerves which result in various degrees of paralysis in their lower limbs is.
The type and amount of disability caused by spina bifida will depend upon the level of the abnormality of the spinal cord.
9. Multiple sclerosis:
Multiple sclerosis (MS), also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminata, is an inflammatory disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.
MS is a disease in which your immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers your nerves. Myelin damage disrupts communication between your brain and the rest of your body. Ultimately, the nerves themselves may deteriorate, a process that's currently irreversible.
The illness is probably an autoimmune disease, which means your immune system responds as if part of your body is a foreign substance.
The name multiple sclerosis refers to the scars (scleroses - better known as plaques or lesions) in the white matter. Multiple sclerosis may take several forms, with new symptoms occurring either in discrete attacks (relapsing forms) or slowly accumulating over time (progressive forms).
MS can cause a variety of symptoms, including changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty in moving; difficulties with coordination and balance (ataxia); problems in speech (dysarthria) or swallowing (dysphagia), visual problems (nystagmus, optic neuritis, or diplopia), fatigue and acute or chronic pain syndromes, bladder and bowel difficulties, cognitive impairment, or emotional symptomatology (mainly depression).
MS affects the neurons in the areas of the brain and spinal cord known as the white matter.
10. Parkinson's disease:
Parkinson's disease (PD, also known as idiopathic or primary parkinsonism, hypokinetic rigid syndrome (HRS), or paralysis agitans) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects your movement. It develops gradually, sometimes starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. But while a tremor may be the most well-known sign of Parkinson's disease, the disorder also commonly causes stiffness or slowing of movement.
Synopsis: Parkinsons disease affects the movement of the person with the disease through affects in the nerve cells in the brain.
11. Brain cancer:
A brain tumor is a growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. Brain tumors can be benign, with no cancer cells, or malignant, with cancer cells that grow quickly. Some are primary brain tumors, which start in the brain. Others are metastatic, and they start somewhere else in the body and move to the brain.
Causes of brain cancer are difficult to prove; avoiding compounds linked to cancer production is advised. Brain cancer can have a wide variety of symptoms including seizures, sleepiness, confusion, and behavioral changes.
12. Poliomyelitis:
Polio:
Its also known as Poliomyelitis; Infantile paralysis; Post-polio syndrome The medical name for polio is poliomyelitis. Polio is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis.
francis1897 answered the question on August 24, 2022 at 06:06