- In the context of public sector accounting, explain the following terms
(i) Budgetary accounting
(ii) Cash accounting
(iii) Accruals accounting
(iv) Commitment accounting
(v) Fund accounting(Solved)
In the context of public sector accounting, explain the following terms
(i) Budgetary accounting
(ii) Cash accounting
(iii) Accruals accounting
(iv) Commitment accounting
(v) Fund accounting
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- The financial statements of Savannah Ltd. for the year ended 30 April 2009 and 30 April 2010 are given below:
Income Statement for the years ended...(Solved)
The financial statements of Savannah Ltd. for the year ended 30 April 2009 and 30 April 2010 are given below:
Income Statement for the years ended 30 April
2010 2009
Sh. "000" Sh. "000"
Revenue 396,900 378,000
Cost of sales (217,140) (219,240)
Gross profits 179,760 158,760
Administrative expenses (31,563) (29,589)
Distribution expenses (35,070) (32,865)
Profit from Operations 113,127 96,306
Finance cost (17,115) (14,784)
Profit before tax 96,012 81,522
Income tax expense (42,000) (28,980)
Net profit for the year 54,012 52,542
Extract of the statement of changes in equity (retained earnings) for the year ended 30 April:
2010 2009
Sh. "000" Sh. "000'
Opening balance 135,114 116,172
Net profit for the year 54,012 52,542
Ordinary dividends paid (35,553) (33,600)
Balance as at 30 April 153,573 135,114
Statement of financial position as at 30 April
Assets: 2010 2009
Non-Current Assets Sh. "000" Sh. "000"
Property, Plant and Equipment 443,961 427,476
Current Assets
Inventory 55,923 37,275
Trade receivables 47,460 30,240
Bank balances 1,113 1,050
104,496 68,565
Total assets 548,457 496,041
Equity and Liabilities
Equity and Reserves
Called up share capital 168,000 168,000
Retained profits 153,573 135,114
321,573 303,114
Non-Current Liabilities
12% Loan notes 105,000 105,000
Current Liabilities
Trade payables 8,148 8,190
Bank overdraft 48,800 27,300
Tax payable 64,936 52,437
121,884 87,927
Equity and Liabilities 548,457 496,041
Required:
(a) For each year, compute the following ratios
(i) Gross profit margin
(ii) Profit margin
(iii) Return on capital employed
(iv) Current ratio
(v) Acid test ratio
(vi) Inventory turnover
(vii) Trade receivables collections period
(b) Citing relevant ratios computed in (a) above, briefly comment on the performance of savannah Ltd. using the following criteria
(i) Profitability
(ii) Liquidity
(iii) Efficiency
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- Explain four benefits that would accrue to a country from adopting International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRSs)(Solved)
Explain four benefits that would accrue to a country from adopting International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRSs)
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- Abdi and Barasa were partners in a Wholesale business sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2 respectively after allowing for interest on capital...(Solved)
Abdi and Barasa were partners in a Wholesale business sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2 respectively after allowing for interest on capital at the rate of 10% per annum. On 1 October 2009, they admitted Chale into the partnership. Chale paid his capital and goodwill contributions of sh. 400,000 and sh. 200,000 respectively in cash.
The partners agreed to allow interest on capital at the rate of 10% per annum and to write off the goodwill paid on admission of Chale. Chale was to share ¼ of the profit and losses of the partnership.
Abdi and Barasa were to share the balance of the profits and losses in the ratio 3:2 respectively. For purposes of admission of Chale into the partnership, Land and Buildings were valued as sh. 2,000,000 on 1 October 2009.
The trial balance extracted from the books of the partnership as at 31 March 2010 was as follows:
Sh. "000' Sh. "000"
Capital accounts
Abdi 900
Barasa 600
Capital introduced by Chale 400
Cash premium paid by Chale 200
Current accounts
Abdi 300
Barasa 200
Drawings
Abdi 100
Barasa 80
Chale 60
Inventory (1 April 2009) 200
Purchase/Sales 5,000 9,000
Administrative expenses 1,600
Selling and distribution costs 1,050
Allowance for doubtful debts 100
Trade receivables /payables 600 500
Land and Buildings 1,400
Equipment at cost 2,000
Provision for depreciation 800
Bank balance 910
13,000 13,000
Additional information
1. Inventory as at 31 March 2010 was valued at sh. 400,000
2. As at 31 March 2010, accrued administrative expenses amounted to sh. 150,000 while prepaid selling and distribution costs amounted to sh. 50,000
3. Depreciation is to be provided on equipment at the rate of 20% per annum based on cost
4. Allowance for doubtful debts is to be increased to sh. 150,000 of which sh. 30,000 relates to the period 1 April 2009 to 30 September 2009
5. Assume sales , gross profit and expenses accrue evenly throughout the year
Required:
(a) Income statement for the year ended 31 March 2010
(b) Statement of financial position as at 31 March 2010
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- Sabuni Ltd is a medium-sized factory producing a soap branded “malaika”. The following trial balance was
extracted from the books of the company as at 31...(Solved)
Sabuni Ltd is a medium-sized factory producing a soap branded “malaika”. The following trial balance was
extracted from the books of the company as at 31 December 2009.
Sh. “000” Sh. “000”
Ordinary share capital 100,000
10% preference share capital 40,000
15% debentures 20,000
Share premium 2,000
General reserves 6,000
Retained profits 900
Sales 116,400
Purchases of raw materials 24,800
Inventory (1 January 2009)
Raw materials 1,300
Work-in-progress 4,770
Finished goods (90,000units) 8,100
Land 100,000
Buildings (cost) 60,000
Provision for depreciation 6,000
Plant and Machinery at Net book value 4,600
Interest on debentures 1,500
Direct labour 10,800
Carriage inwards 100
Purchase returns 200
General factory costs 1,600
General administrative expenses 20,000
Electricity and water expenses 2,000
Insurance 1,800
Royalty expenses 2,300
Selling and distribution costs 8,200
provision for unrealized profits 1,350
Bank balance 24,000
Motor vehicles at cost (for sales men) 8,000
Provision for depreciation 2,000
Interim dividends paid to preference shareholders 2,000
Trade payables 5,150
Trade receivables 14,130
300,000 300,000
Additional information
1. Inventories as at 31 December 2009 were valued as follows
Sh. "000'
Raw materials 1,500
Work-in-progress 3,100
2. Depreciation is to be provided annually as follows
Buildings at 10% based on cost
Motor Vehicles at 25% based on cost
Plant and Machinery at 30% using reducing method
3. The company apportions expenses between factory and administration in the following ratios;
Factory Administration
Depreciation on buildings 80% 20%
Electricity and water 60% 40%
Insurance 75% 25%
4. Sabuni Ltd. produced 600,000 units and sold 582,000 units during the year. Assume finished goods were
sold on a first-in-first-out basis
5. Finished goods are transferred to the warehouse at cost plus a mark-up of 20%
6. As at 31 December 2009, six month’s interest on the 15% debentures was outstanding while accrued labour costs amounted to sh. 400,000
7. The directors propose to pay the preference shareholders a final dividend. In addition, the directors propose to pay the ordinary shareholders a dividend of 15% per share after the transfer of sh. 4,000,000 to the general reserve.
8. Corporation tax is estimated at sh. 9,900,000
Required:
(a) Manufacturing account and Income statement for the year ended 31 December 2009.
(b) Explain four benefits that would accrue to a country from adopting International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRSs)
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- Nguvumali, a Sole Trader who operates a small business in Mombasa, does not keep proper books of account. He had instructed his shop assistant, who...(Solved)
Nguvumali, a Sole Trader who operates a small business in Mombasa, does not keep proper books of account. He had instructed his shop assistant, who absconded duty on 30 March 2010 with an unknown amount of cash, to collect trade receivables and to bank the cash intact.
Given below are the balances extracted from the records of the firm as at 31 March
2009 2010
Sh. "000" Sh. "000'
Buildings 20,000 20,000
Equipment at cost 8,000 8,000
Accumulated depreciation 800 ?
Motor vehicles at cost 8,000 8,000
Accumulated depreciation 2,000 ?
Inventory 7,000 ?
Trade receivables 5,000 4,000
Bank overdraft 4,200 ?
Cash in hand 100 100
Prepaid electricity 100 60
Accrued salaries and wages 600 400
Trade payables 2,000 3,000
Additional information
1. The following transactions were made during the year ended 31 March 2010
Sh. "000"
Cheques paid to trade creditors 41,000
Cash banked during the year 59,940
Cash paid for electricity and water expenses 160
salaries and wages paid through the bank 5,700
Cash withdrawn from the bank for office use 5,000
Cheques paid for selling and distribution costs 1,600
Cash drawings for personal use 3,000
Cash paid for general expenses 1,400
Returns inwards 9,000
Discount allowed 600
Bad debts written off 400
Cash from trade debtors 60,000
Discount received 1,000
2. The firm applied a uniform mark-up of ¾
3. Depreciation on motor vehicles and equipment is to be provided based on cost and annual rates of 25% and 10% respectively. Ignore depreciation on buildings
4. Nguvumali did not have an insurance policy to cover theft by servants
Required:
(a) Determine the amount of cash stolen by the shop assistant
(b) Income statement for the year ended 31 March 2010
(c) Statement of financial position as at 31 March 2010
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- With reference to the International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSASs), explain the following
bases of accounting;
(i) Cash basis
(ii) Accrual basis(Solved)
With reference to the International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSASs), explain the following
bases of accounting;
(i) Cash basis
(ii) Accrual basis
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- Explain the role of the “Paymaster General”(Solved)
Explain the role of the “Paymaster General”
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- The following balances of the non-current assets were extracted from the books of Charaka Ltd. as at 1 May
2009
...(Solved)
The following balances of the non-current assets were extracted from the books of Charaka Ltd. as at 1 May
2009
Cost Accumulated depreciation
Sh. "000" Sh. "000"
Land 4,162,500 -
Buildings 4,387,500 438,750
Furniture and fittings 1,350,000 450,000
Plant and Machinery 11,081,250 6,693,750
Motor Vehicles 5,287,500 2,205,000
The following relates to the year ended 30 April 2010
1. The depreciation policy of Charaka Ltd is as follows
Non-current Asset Basis of depreciation Rate per annum (%)
Land - -
Buildings Straight-line method 2.50
Plant and machinery Straight-line method 10.0
Motor vehicles Straight-line method 25.0
Furniture and fittings Reducing balance method 12.5
A full year’s depreciation is provided in the year of acquisition. No depreciation is provided in the year of disposal
2. An item of plant acquired on 1 November 2004 for sh. 2,562,500 was disposed of during the year for sh. 1,250,000
3. New machinery was acquired during the year. The following were the cost of acquisition;
Sh.
Invoice price paid 5,215,000
Import duty 724,500
Freight charges 126,740
Annual insurance premium 146,000
Installation cost 178,500
Value added tax 810,500
Input VAT is recoverable from output VAT
4. A delivery Van which was purchased in April 2009 for sh. 2,145,000 was stolen during the year. The
insurers agreed to compensate the company by paying 85% of the cost
5. Land and Buildings were revalued by JLC valuers on 2 May 2009 at sh. 5,675,000 and sh. 4,860,000
respectively.
Required:
Property, Plant and Equipment movement schedule for the year ended 30 April 2010
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- Briefly explain two types of accounting packages that may be used by an organization and the main features
of these packages.(Solved)
Briefly explain two types of accounting packages that may be used by an organization and the main features
of these packages.
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- Explain any four roles of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (ICPAK) or the equivalent
body in your country (Solved)
Explain any four roles of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (ICPAK) or the equivalent
body in your country
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- Salama Ltd. offered 5 million ordinary shares of sh.20 par each payable as follows:
...(Solved)
Salama Ltd. offered 5 million ordinary shares of sh.20 par each payable as follows:
Sh.
• On application 3
• On allotment 8 (including premium)
• On 1st Call 7
• On 2nd and final call 4
The following is a sequence of transactions relating to the issue
Date
May 2010
5: Applications were received for 7,200,000 ordinary shares
18: Applications for 1,200,000 ordinary shares were rejected and the application monies refunded to the
applicants
20: Allotment letters were issued to 6,000,000 applicants. 5 shares were allotted for every 6 shares applied
for. Excess application monies were to be transferred to the allotment account
28: All allotment monies due were received in cash
June 2010
4: First call was made
10: Monies due on first call were received except for 5 shareholders who had been allotted a total of
200,000 shares.
July 2010
20: Second call was made.
28: Monies due on second and final call were received except for sh. 300,000 shares (including 200,000
shares on which first call monies were also not received.
August 2010
6: Shares were forfeited for applicants who had failed to pay monies due on both the first call and second and final call. Those who had not paid the monies due on the second and final call only were issued with notices.
13: The forfeited shares were re-issued at sh.14 per share, the money due being received on the same date.
The following information as at 4th May 2010 is provided
1. The authorized share capital of Salama Ltd is 20 million ordinary shares of sh.20 par value of which
10million ordinary shares had been issued and fully paid
2. The share premium account amounted to sh.12million while cash at bank was sh. 52million
Required:
(a) Journal entries to record the above transactions
(b) Extract from the statement of financial position of Salama Ltd. immediately after the issue
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- The financial statements of Tumaini Ltd. for the financial year ended 31 October 2010 were as follows:
Income Statement for the year ended 31 October 2010
...(Solved)
The financial statements of Tumaini Ltd. for the financial year ended 31 October 2010 were as follows:
Income Statement for the year ended 31 October 2010
Sh. "000"
Revenue 84,600
Cost of sales (40,350)
Gross profits 44,250
Investment income 1,500
45,750
Distribution costs (5,640)
Administrative expenses (18,360)
Operating profit 21,750
Finance cost (1,650)
Profit before tax 20,100
Income tax expense (7,300)
Profit after tax 12,800
Statement of financial position as at 31 October
Assets: 2010 2009
Non-Current Assets Sh. "000" Sh. "000"
Premises 34,500 28,300
Plant and Machinery 19,650 16,710
Motor Vehicles 18,010 21,350
72,160 66,360
Intangible Assets
Goodwill 2,500 2,750
Patents 3,550 3,870
6,050 6,620
Current Assets
Inventory 12,030 8,270
Accounts receivables 14,490 14,660
other receivables 3,200 2,000
Cash 2,000 1,000
31,720 25,930
Total assets 109,930 98,910
Equity and Liabilities
Capital and Reserves
Ordinary Share Capital (sh. 10 par value) 14,000 10,000
Share premium 2,500 500
Revaluation reserve 8,540 6,390
Retained profits 52,870 47,000
77,910 63,890
Non-Current Liabilities
Bank Loan 9,860 12,360
Current Liabilities
Trade payables 8,460 7,990
Current Tax 7,080 6,690
Bank overdraft 4,370 6,120
Other payables 2,250 1,860
22,160 22,660
Total capital and Liabilities 109,930 98,910
Additional information
1. The revaluation reserve relates to revaluation of premises
2. The expenses on depreciation, impairment of goodwill and amortization are included in administrative
expenses.
3. During the year, machinery and a motor vehicle were acquired at a cost of sh. 3,500,00 and sh. 1,500,000 respectively. A motor vehicle whose net book value was sh. 2,500,000 was disposed of at a loss of sh. 200,000
Required:
Statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 October 2010 in conformity with the requirements of International Accounting standards (IAS) 7, “Statement of Cash flows”.
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- The following balances were extracted from the books of futures Limited as at 30 September 2010;
...(Solved)
The following balances were extracted from the books of futures Limited as at 30 September 2010;
Sh. "000"
Land and Building s (Net Book Value) 25,000
Plant and Machinery (Net Book Value) 8,000
Motor Vehicles (Net Book Value) 2,000
Inventory 6,000
Ordinary Share Capital (sh. 50 par value) 10,000
10% preference share Capital (sh. 100 par value) 9,000
10% Debentures 8,000
Corporation tax 500
Interim Ordinary dividend paid 2,000
Other operating expenses 1,550
Distribution costs 6,000
Administrative expenses 13,000
Accounts payable 19,000
Other operating income 4,000
Gross profit 25,000
Debenture interest paid 400
Preference dividend paid 450
Accounts receivable 20,000
Cash at bank 4,100
Capital redemption reserve 6,000
Share premium 4,000
Revenue reserves(1 October 2009) 3,000
Additional information
1. The balance on the corporation tax account represents and overprovision of tax for the previous year. Tax expense for the current year is estimated at sh. 3million
2. On 15 September 2010, the directors of the company proposed to pay the dividends due to the preference shareholders and to also pay the final dividend of sh. 2million to the ordinary shareholders.
3. A building whose Net Book Value is sh. 5million is to be revalued to sh. 9million.
Required:
(a) Income statement for the year ended 30 September 2010
(b) Statement of financial position as at 30 September 2010
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- The approved estimates and actual expenditure details for the Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs for the year 2009/2010 were as follows:
Code details...(Solved)
The approved estimates and actual expenditure details for the Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs for the year 2009/2010 were as follows:
Code details Approved estimates sh. "000" Actual expenditure "Sh. "000"
000 Personal emoluments 123,280 97,520
050 House allowances 19,550 14,260
080 Passage and leave 41,040 667
100 Travelling and accommodation 1,334 1,656
110 Transport Expenses 16,100 13,593
120 Communication expenses 4,600 3,312
190 Miscellaneous 17,480 16,882
196 Training expenses 5,980 4,738
230 Purchasing of Equipment 21,000 39,800
620 Appropriation-In-Aid 1,000 5,560
The Ministry made four equal withdrawals from the Exchequer in July 2009, October 2009, January 2010 and
May 2010, totaling sh. 200,000,000 by the year end.
Required:
(i) The General Account of Vote (GAV)
(ii) The Exchequer account
(iii) The Paymaster General (PMG) account
(iv) The statement of assets and liabilities as at 30th June 2010
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- Explain three functions of each of the following parliamentary committees in the context of public sector
accounting:
(i) Committee of ways and means
(ii) Public Accounts committee(Solved)
Explain three functions of each of the following parliamentary committees in the context of public sector
accounting:
(i) Committee of ways and means
(ii) Public Accounts committee
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- XYZ Limited is in the process of computerizing its accounting system. A critical component of this task is the creation of a database for non-current...(Solved)
XYZ Limited is in the process of computerizing its accounting system. A critical component of this task is
the creation of a database for non-current assets.
Required:
Advise XYZ Ltd on the features of a suitable accounting package and the information that would form the
database for the non-current assets
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- The following trial balance was extracted from the books of Mali Ltd, a manufacturing company, as at 31
December 2010
...(Solved)
The following trial balance was extracted from the books of Mali Ltd, a manufacturing company, as at 31
December 2010
Sh. "000" Sh. "000"
Inventories as at 1 January 2010:
Raw materials 21,000
Finished goods 38,900
Work in progress 13,500
Wages:
Direct 180,000
Factory 145,000
Sale of scrap raw materials 35,000
Royalties 7,000
Carriage inwards 3,500
Purchases of raw materials 370,000
Machinery (Cost sh. 280,000,000) 230,000
Computers (Cost sh. 20,000,000) 12,000
General factory expenses 31,000
Lighting 7,500
Factory power 13,700
Sales 1,000,000
Administrative salaries 44,000
Sales representative salaries 30,000
Commission on sales 11,500
Rent 12,000
Insurance 4,200
General administrative expenses 13,400
Bank charges 2,300
Discount allowed 4,800
Carriage outwards 5,900
Accounts payables 64,000
Ordinary share capital (sh. 10 each) 360,000
10% Debentures 60,000
Buildings 111,000
Accounts receivables 142,300
Balance at bank 76,800
Cash in hand 1,500
Allowance for doubtful debts 6,500
Retained profits (1 January 2010) 10,300
Debenture interest 3,000
1,535,800 1,535,800
Additional information
1. Rent, insurance and light expenses are to be apportioned between factory, office and distribution as follows:
Factory Office Distribution
% % %
Rent 70 30 -
Insurance 60 10 30
Lighting 80 20 -
2. Allowance for doubtful debts is to be maintained at 5% and bad debts of sh. 3,500,000 are to be written off.
3. Inventories as at 31st December 2010 were valued as follows:
Sh.
Raw materials 14,000,000
Finished goods 42,000,000
Work-in-progress 15,500,000
4. Accrued rent and general administrative expenses as at 31 December 2010 amounted to sh. 1,200,000 and sh. 1,500,000 respectively.
5. Prepaid insurance as ta 31 December 2010 amounted to sh. 360,000
6. A provision for corporation tax amounting to sh. 25,340,000 is to be made.
7. Depreciation is to be provided as follows
Asset Rate per annum
Machinery 12.5% on reducing balance basis
Computers 15% on straight line basis
Ignore depreciation on buildings
8. The directors propose to pay a dividend of sh. 0.50 per share
Required:
(a) Manufacturing, trading and income statement for the year ended 31 December 2010.
(b) Statement of financial position as at 31 December 2010
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- The following assets and liabilities were extracted from the books of Jipemoyo Sport Club as at 31 March:
...(Solved)
The following assets and liabilities were extracted from the books of Jipemoyo Sport Club as at 31 March:
2010 2011
Sh. Sh.
Investment at cost 500,000 400,000
Sports Equipment 60,000 68,000
Furniture 40,000 36,000
Subscription in arrears 18,000 12,000
Subscription in advance 15,000 30,000
Bar Inventory 12,000 22,000
Bar payables 3,000 13,000
Stock of stationary 2,000 1,000
Accrued rates 1,500 2,500
Prepaid insurance 1,400 3,400
The summary of receipts and payments account for the year ended 31 March 2011 was as follows:
Receipts Sh.
Bank balance (1 April 2010) 25,000
Bar takings 360,000
Donations 80,000
Subscriptions 280,000
Income from investment 40,500
Annual dinner sales 140,000
Entry fees 75,000
Proceeds from sale of investment 125,000
1,125,500
Payments
Ground maintenance 40,500
Staff salaries 239,000
Bar payables 120,000
New Equipment 20,000
Subscriptions refunded to members 2,000
Bar man's wages 120,000
Stationary 30,000
Annual dinner costs 80,000
Rates 8,000
Insurance 24,000
Bank balance (31 March 2011) 442,000
1,125,500
1. Included in the subscriptions received during the year of sh. 280,000 is sh. 15,000 being arrears for the year ended 31 March 2010. It is the policy of the club to write off subscriptions arrears owing for more than twelve months.
2. During the year, an investment with cost of sh. 100,000 was sold for sh. 125,000. The clubs accountant recorded only the receipt of proceeds from sale of investment in the books of accounts.
Required:
(i) Bar income statement for the year ended 31 March 2011
(ii) Subscriptions accounts
(iii) Income and expenditure for the year ended 31 March 2011
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)
- In accounting for inventories, it is important to understand the composition of inventories and how to value the inventories in the financial statements.
Required:
(i) Explain the...(Solved)
In accounting for inventories, it is important to understand the composition of inventories and how to value the inventories in the financial statements.
Required:
(i) Explain the term inventories.
(ii) Describe how you would measure the value of inventories.
(iii) Outline the component costs of inventories.
Date posted: October 3, 2022. Answers (1)