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The distribution of living organisms by spatial patterns and temporal variations is determined by many factors such as historical changes. What is most puzzling is how these organisms have got where they are and how they maintain themselves in the face of perturbations that are part of nature. There are a number of biotic and abiotic factors that are used to explain the past and present patterns of distribution. These are generally biological factors such as adaptation, predation and competition on the one hand and physical factors such as climate, soil and light on the other.
past sets of controls of distribution range from evolutionary processes to climatic and geological processes. The Pleistocene ice age is the most recent climatic event that has been associated with the expansion and contraction of certain biomes. They have also been associated with the extinction of the less adapted species. Plate tectonics and continental drift are identified as being responsible for the splitting asunder of a once continuous distribution or as welding it in new patterns. The different patterns of distribution that one can observe on the earth’s surface are partly due to a combination of physical factors, which provide an envelope within which the life processes function.
francis1897 answered the question on October 5, 2022 at 13:40
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