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Primary colonizers tend to be low taxonomically such as herbaceous annuals, lichens and mosses. They tend to be short-lived, morphologically simple plants. They also have a long range of tolerance. They are extremely hardy plants and can survive in areas of extreme temperatures or moisture levels. They tend to form large single stands and are fast growing. Moisture relationships usually control the ability of colonizers to invade a new area. Colonizers ameliorate the soil, dampening the dry soil and drying the wet one in the process they diversify the environment creating new nutrients. The colonizers play a role in the weathering of the soil from solid rock, they add organic matter to the soil; reduce the soil temperature, free minerals for use. In so doing, they improve the environment, making it possible for more species of a less hardy nature to grow. Changes in structure occur throughout the species, thus morphologically more advanced, taller, and long-lived plants are able to grow and replace the initial colonizers.
francis1897 answered the question on October 11, 2022 at 06:38
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