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Factors that might influence the working capital needs of a firm.
(i) Length of operating cycle. This is the total time involved in the production from purchase of raw materials to receipts from sales. Long operating cycles requires more working capital while shorter operating cycle requires less working capital.
(ii) Nature of the business (retail, whole sale or manufacturing). Retails businesses require less working capital since operating cycle is less. Wholesalers requires more working capital since they have to maintain large stock and sells on credit, which increases the operating cycle.
Manufacturers requires huge working capital since they have to convert raw materials into finished goods, sell on credit, maintain inventory and finished goods.
(iii) Scale of operations – if a company is operating on a large-scale basis, it needs to maintain more inventory, debtors, etc. This means they need large working capital. Small scale operations require less working capital.
(iv) Business cycle fluctuations (boom or depression). – During boom, demand is higher because the markets flourish, more production, more stock, and more debtors. This means more working capital is required. In times of depression, there is low demand. This means less inventory, debtors, hence less working capital requirements.
francis1897 answered the question on November 1, 2022 at 13:23
- Delight Limited is considering its capital budgets for the year 2022. The following information relates to three mutually exclusive projects that the management is contemplating...(Solved)
Delight Limited is considering its capital budgets for the year 2022. The following information relates to three mutually exclusive projects that the management is contemplating to undertake.
Project Initial cash outflows Cash inflows
Sh. "000" Sh. "000"
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
A (8,000) 2,000 4,000 6,000
B (10,000) 4,000 6,000 6,000
C (20,000) 8,000 12,000 10,000
Additional information:
1. The firm has a capital budget ceiling of sh.20 million.
2. The cost of capital for Delight Limited is 10% per annum.
Required:
Advise the management on the projects to undertake using each of the following investment appraisal techniques.
(i) Net present value.
(ii) Profitability Index.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- Explain four differences between “Islamic banking” and “Conventional banking”.(Solved)
Explain four differences between “Islamic banking” and “Conventional banking”.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- The following information relates to the forecasted returns of securities A and B and their probabilities during the financial year ending 30 April 2022.
Probability ...(Solved)
The following information relates to the forecasted returns of securities A and B and their probabilities during the financial year ending 30 April 2022.
Probability Forecasted returns
A (%) B (%)
0.15 10 8
0.20 12 10
0.10 8 7
0.15 15 12
0.25 14 10
0.15 9 8
Required:
(i) The expected return of security A and security B.
(ii) The standard deviation of security A and security B.
(iii) Advise a potential investor on the security to invest in using relative risk.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- Citing three reasons, justify why a firm may prefer to raise finance through equity rather than debt finance.(Solved)
Citing three reasons, justify why a firm may prefer to raise finance through equity rather than debt finance.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- Explain two applications of time value of money concept.(Solved)
Explain two applications of time value of money concept.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- Samama Limited’s capital structure as at 1 October 2020 was as follows:
...(Solved)
Samama Limited’s capital structure as at 1 October 2020 was as follows:
Sh.
"000"
Ordinary share capital (par value sh.10) 373,000
Retained earnings as at 1 October 2020 27,000
18% Debentures 400,000
800,000
The above capital structure is considered optimal. The company is considering the acquisition of an investment project that will costs sh.270 million. In order to finance the investment project, the company would be required to raise additional capital.
Additional information:
1. The company can obtain additional debentures at an interest rate of 18% per annum.
2. The dividend for the year ended 30 September 2021 is expected to be sh.2.40 per share.
3. Additional ordinary shares can be issued on the Securities Exchange at a price of sh.54 per share net of floatation cost amounting to sh.6 per share.
4. Dividend are expected to grow at a rate of 8% each year for the foreseeable future.
5. Corporation tax is 30%.
Required:
(i) Cost of debentures.
(ii) Cost of retained earnings.
(iii) Cost of ordinary shares.
(iv) Amount of money for the investment project to be financed through the issue of new ordinary shares if the company is to maintain the optimal capital structure.
(v) Amount of money for the investment project to be raised through debentures.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- Master Ltd. is a private company which intends to be listed in the Securities Exchange. The company recently paid a dividend of sh.2.50 per share....(Solved)
Master Ltd. is a private company which intends to be listed in the Securities Exchange. The company recently paid a dividend of sh.2.50 per share. This dividend is expected to grow at the rate of 20% for 2 years and then drop to a growth rate of 15% per annum for the next 3 years. Thereafter, the dividend will grow at 10% per annum indefinitely. The required rate of return is 12%.
Required:
The intrinsic value of the company’s share.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- Distinguish between an “aggressive” and “conservative” working capital policy of a firm.(Solved)
Distinguish between an “aggressive” and “conservative” working capital policy of a firm.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- The management of Daylight Ltd. is in the process of evaluating the company’s dividend policy.
The following information is provided:
1. The company paid sh.1,300,000 million as...(Solved)
The management of Daylight Ltd. is in the process of evaluating the company’s dividend policy.
The following information is provided:
1. The company paid sh.1,300,000 million as dividend in the last financial year
2. The profit after tax for the last financial year was sh.3,900,000 million
3. The company has not issued any preference shares.
4. The earnings growth rate has been constant at 10% per annum for the past 10 years.
5. The expected profits after tax for the current financial year is hs.5,200,000 million.
6. The company anticipates investment opportunities worth sh.2,800,000 million in the current financial year.
7. The capital structure of the company consists of 70% equity and 30% debt.
Required:
The optimal total dividend for the current financial year if the company wishes to adopt each of the following dividend policies:
(i) Residual dividend policy.
(ii) Constant payout ratio policy.
(iii) Stable predictable dividend policy.
(iv) Regular plus extra dividend policy.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- Discuss four potential causes of conflict between shareholders and the management.(Solved)
Discuss four potential causes of conflict between shareholders and the management.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- Explain two types of financial decisions made in a company.(Solved)
Explain two types of financial decisions made in a company.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- The following information relates to returns of two securities under three states of the economy as follows:
...(Solved)
The following information relates to returns of two securities under three states of the economy as follows:
Return on Return on
State of economy Probability security X security Y
Boom 0.40 18% 24%
Normal 0.50 14% 22%
Recession 0.10 12% 21%
Required:
(i) Expected returns on security X and Y.
(ii) Standard deviation of returns on security X and security Y.
(iii) Kalama Chivuva has invested 20% in security X and 80% in security Y. Determine his expected portfolio return.
(iv) Calculate covariance of returns of security X and Y.
(v) Determine the portfolio risk as measured by standard deviation.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- Explain three differences between a firm’s “value maximization” and “Profit maximization goal”.(Solved)
Explain three differences between a firm’s “value maximization” and “Profit maximization goal”.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- Outline four circumstances under which a company would prefer to use short term debt financing compared to other sources of finance.(Solved)
Outline four circumstances under which a company would prefer to use short term debt financing compared to other sources of finance.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- Kikwetu Enterprise is considering purchasing a five-year sh.1,000 par value debenture which is currently trading on the securities exchange is at sh.950. The debenture has...(Solved)
Kikwetu Enterprise is considering purchasing a five-year sh.1,000 par value debenture which is currently trading on the securities exchange is at sh.950. The debenture has a coupon rate of interest of 12% per annum. Kikwetu Enterprises’ required rate of return is 16%.
Required:
(i) The intrinsic value of the debenture.
(ii) Advice Kikwetu enterprises on whether or not to purchase the debenture.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- John Juma borrowed sh.500,000 on 1 May 2022 from a local bank repayable semi-annually over a two-year period. The interest rate on the loan is...(Solved)
John Juma borrowed sh.500,000 on 1 May 2022 from a local bank repayable semi-annually over a two-year period. The interest rate on the loan is 8% per annum.
Required:
A loan repayment schedule for the two-year period.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- Islamic finance and investment have experienced substantial and unprecedented growth in recent years.
With reference to the above statement, discuss for Islamic finance drivers.(Solved)
Islamic finance and investment have experienced substantial and unprecedented growth in recent years.
With reference to the above statement, discuss for Islamic finance drivers.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- Explain the following terms as used in finance:
(i) Crypto-currency.
(ii) Block chain technology.(Solved)
Explain the following terms as used in finance:
(i) Crypto-currency.
(ii) Block chain technology.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- The following is the capital structure of Kenland Ltd.:
...(Solved)
The following is the capital structure of Kenland Ltd.:
Sh. "000"
Ordinary share capital (par value sh.100) 120,000
Preference share capital (par value sh.100) 52,500
Debentures (par value sh.1,000) 40,500
213,000
Additional information:
1. The company has paid ordinary dividend of sh.2.5. The dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 10% in the future and floatation costs of 12% of the market price.
2. The current market price of one ordinary share of Kenland Ltd. Is sh.120.
3. New preference shares can be sold at sh.140 per share with a dividend of sh.15 per share and floatation costs of sh.8 per share.
4. The company pays out all its earnings as dividends.
5. The company will sell 14% debentures with a maturity of 10 years at sh.1,100 per debenture.
6. The par value of the debenture is sh.1,000
Corporate tax rate is 30%
Required:
(i) The cost of ordinary share capital.
(ii) The cost of preference share capital.
(iii) The cost of debenture capital.
(iv) The market weighted average cost of capital.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)
- In a finance and investment seminar, one of the facilitators noted that, “Management of debtors is crucial in working capital management”.
With reference to the above...(Solved)
In a finance and investment seminar, one of the facilitators noted that, “Management of debtors is crucial in working capital management”.
With reference to the above statement, discuss three factors that might influence the level of debtors in a firm.
Date posted: November 1, 2022. Answers (1)