What are the factors affecting Weather and Climate?

1. Latitude: The distance from the equator either south or north, largely creates variations in the climate.
2. Altitude: Elevation): The height form the mean sea level creates variation in climate. Even in the tropical regions, the high mountains have temperate climate. The temperature decreases by 1.8^o C for every 300 m from the sea level.
Generally there is a decrease in pressure and increase in precipitation and wind velocity.
The above factors alter the kind of vegetation, soil types and the crop production.'
3. Precipitation: The quantity and distribution of rainfall decides the nature of vegetation and the nature of the cultivated crop.
4. Soil Type: Soil is a product of climatic action on rocks as modified by landscape and vegetation over a long period of time.
The colour of the soil surface affects the absorption, storage and re-radiation of heat. White colour reflects while the black absorbs more radiation.
Due to differential absorption of heat energy, variations in temperature are created at different places.
In black soil areas the climate is hot while in red soil areas it is comparatively cooler due to lesser heat absorption.
5. Nearness to large water bodies: (Nearness to sea) The presence of large water bodies like lakes and sea affect the climate of the surrounding areas. E.g., Islands and coastal areas.
The movement of air from earth surface and from water bodies to earth modify the climate. The extreme variation in temperature during summer and winter is minimized in coastal areas and islands.
6. Topography: (Relief) The surface of landscape (levelled or uneven surface areas) produces marked changes in the climate. This involves the altitude of the place, steepness of the slope and exposure of the slope to light and wind.
7. Vegetation: Kind of vegetation characterize the nature of climate. Thick vegetation is found in tropical regions where temperature and precipitation are high. General types of vegetation present in a region indicate the nature of climate of that region.

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francis1897 answered the question on January 11, 2023 at 06:20