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Spatial separation of species: This is a situation where the resources of a habitat are divided up between different species by each using only part of it, thereby voiding physical contact with each other. Thus, each species is species is specialized to a fixed set of physical conditions also known as its niche: hence the term niche separation.
Spatial separation strategy is employed by (i) Barnacles on shorelines where each species is specialized to exploit different tide level; and (ii) Dendroica species which feed at different levels of the spruce tree.
There are also animal analogues of this relationship. Sometimes sea anemones (in the order Actiniaria) will gain a benefit in terms of food availability by growing on the upper carapace of a hermit crab (crustacean infraorder Anomura) which is apparently unaffected by the presence of the epiphyte.
Another commensal relationship, known as phoresy, is a type of biological hitch-hiking in which one organism benefits through access to a mode of transportation while the animal providing this service is not significantly affected by its role. Some plants produce fruits that adhere to fur and are thereby dispersed by the movement of mammals. North American examples of such animal-dispersed plants are the burdock (Arctium lappa), beggar-tick or stick-tight {Bidens frondosa), and tick-trefoil (Desmodium canadense). Such fruits have special anatomical adaptations for adhering to fur.
francis1897 answered the question on February 27, 2023 at 13:23
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