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- Murder of caliph Uthman and the need by people like Lady Aisha to punish the murderers.
- Clan differences between Banu Hashim and Banu Umayyads who thought that Ali failed to punish the murderers because he was an Umayyad.
- Tribal differences among the Muslims between the Quraish and non-Quraish.
- Muawiyya’s greed for power also caused the Fitina period.
- Emergence of the Kharijite movement which vowed to kill Ali and Muawiyya.
- The role of Ibn Saba and his followers who caused confusion in the Muslim state starting from the caliphate of Uthman.
- Lack of proper education among the Muslims.
- Increased hypocrisy in Islam. Some people did not convert to Islam whole-heartedly.
- Death of the prominent companions of the prophet (PBUH) like Abu Bakar, Umar, Uthman e.t.c
- Increased Christian activities against Islam (the crusade movement).
- Decline of faith among the Muslims i.e Muslims fighting fellow Muslims.
- Growth of selfish interests among some Muslims like Muawiyya, Abdallah bin Saba e.t.c
- The death of Caliph Ali who had tried to contain Muawiyya and the Kharijites.
- Emergence of weak successors of Ali i.e his two sons Hussein and Hassan.
francis1897 answered the question on March 2, 2023 at 12:02
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