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Acculturation refers to changes that take place as a result of contact with culturally dissimilar people, groups and social influences (Gibson 2001). Merrill Valdes (1986) defines acculturation as the process of becoming adapted to a new culture (p.33). The process of acculturation runs even deeper when language is brought into the picture. Brown D. (in Merrill Valdes1992:33) posits that “...Second language learning in some respects involves the acquisition of a second identity”. Therefore “Second language learning is second culture learning “(ibid)
In considering the relationship between second language learning and second culture learning, it is important to understand types of second language learning contexts. We shall therefore look at a number of contexts as advanced by Merrill Valdes (1992:34) .She identifies the following contexts:
1. Learning another language within the culture of that language (e.g. an African speaker learning English in Britain).
2. Learning a second language within one’s own native culture where the second language is an accepted lingua franca used for education, government or business e.g. a Kenyan learning English in Kenya.
3. Another context for learning is called foreign language learning – it means learning a non – native language in one’s own culture with few immediate and widespread opportunities to use the language within the environments of one’s own culture (e.g. learning Chinese or Japanese in Kenya).
Each type of second learning situation involves different degrees of acculturation. Second language learning in a foreign country involves the deepest form of acculturation. This is because the language is almost always learned in a context of understanding the people of another culture. The learner on arrival in the TL community initially is delighted with the newness of things but after this wears off and the cognitive and affective contradictions of the foreign culture mounts up, he may experience culture shock.
francis1897 answered the question on March 9, 2023 at 06:17
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