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EES 403: Applied Economic Statistics Notes

Institution: Kenyatta University

Course: Bachelor of Economics

Content Category: Lecture Notes

Posted By: davidkariuki1010

Document Type: DOCX

Number of Pages: 104

Price: KES 200
 
    

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Summary

1.3 SAMPLING

In social research, testing the entire population may be costly, time consuming or even impossible. Therefore, it is more practical to use a sample. A sample is a subset of a total population, choosing a subset or part of the population for analysis is referred to as sampling. The main purpose of sampling is to learn more about the characteristics of the population.

MAIN CONCEPTS
- Population / Universe: All the items under consideration in any field of inquiry. This is denoted by N.
- Census: A complete coverage of all the items in the population e,g. a country’s census (population census) – case of Kenya done every ten years.
In statistics we carry out a census when:-
i. The universe is small so that there is no need of sampling
ii. When it is a must e.g population census of a country which is carried out after 10 yrs.
- A sample design: This is a definite plan / method for obtaining a sample from a given population. The sample design must be determined before the sample is picked. The particular sample design selected must be reliable and appropriate for the problem under study.

- Size of sample: This refers to the members of items to be selected from the universe to constitute a sample. The sample size should not be excessively large nor too small.
A large sample size >= 30. When deciding on the size of the sample the costs (available funds), time and objectives of the survey must be considered.

Features of a good sample
- A sample must truly represent the population
- It must result in a small sampling error
- It must be viable in the context of funds available for the research
- The results from the sample must be applicable to the general population with a reasonable level of confidence
SAMPLING PROCEDURE

Steps in selecting a sample
Before selecting a sample from the population, one must consider the following:-
1) Objectives: The objectives of the study/survey must be clearly defined. For example to identify factors that affect performance of K.U. students
2) Target Population
The target population to be studied should be clearly be defined and based on the objective. For example, for the above objective the target population is K.U. students and lecturers
NB: The universe can be finite or infinite:
? Finite population, the population size is clearly known N = K.U. students and Lecturers in a certain year N = 10,000 students and 300 lecturers
? While in infinite population, the size is infinite or cannot be know at any time for example listeners of a specific radio program at a specific time, no. of fish in the sea.
3) Sampling unit
It is also referred to the unit of analysis. Who or what to obtain information /data from. For the above example the sampling unit is K.U. student and K.U. lecturer.
NB: The sampling unit must be clearly defined depending on the subject of inquiry. For example: Consider a restaurant evaluating its performance. If the interest is to determine average meal check (say at lunch time) a customer having a meal would be considered as a sampling unit. However, if the same restaurant is interested with parking facilities, the appropriate sampling unit is groups of customers arriving with cars.
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