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Notes on Types of Computer Networks

Institution: Kisii National Polytechnic

Course: Certificate/Diploma in Information Communication Technology

Content Category: Lecture Notes

Posted By: 6611588

Document Type: DOCX

Number of Pages: 27

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Well detailed Lecture Notes on types of computer network.

Brief overview
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

Computer networks are usually classified according to size. The three most common types of networks are:

1. Local Area Network (LAN).
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).
3. Wide Area Network (WAN).

Local Area Network (LAN).

This is a computer network that is formed whenever computers are connected together in a relatively small geographical area, e.g., in one building or a school.

LAN is the smallest size of network & it normally covers an area within the radius of 10M – 3 Km.

LAN is usually owned by one organization. However, one LAN can be connected to other LANs over any distance via data transmission lines or wireless media.

A LAN connects several Personal Computers to a Server computer. The server computer makes available the resources requested by the other computers (workstations) on a network.

In most LANs, each workstation has its own CPU which it uses to execute programs, but still the workstation user can also access data & devices anywhere on the network.

Advantages of LANs.

1). They enable many users to share expensive devices such as Laser printers, as well as data. However, the no. of computers that can be connected & the distance to be covered is limited.

2). Have Low cost (requires less expensive equipment).
3). Enable users to communicate with each other, by sending messages or engaging in chat sessions.

4). LANs transmit data at very fast rates. They are much faster than data transmitted over telephone lines.
5). Small error counts (low error rates).

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).

A MAN is made up of many LANs connected together.

It covers a metropolitan (medium-sized geographical) area, e.g., a town or an entire city, within a radius of 5 – 50 Km.

Characteristics of MAN

- Larger than LAN.
- Slower than LAN, but faster than WAN with data rates of 100MBps & above.
- Are more expensive than LANs, since special equipment is needed to connect the different networks together.
- Prone to few errors (moderate error rates).

Wide Area Network (WAN).

This is the largest size of network.

A WAN covers a large geographical area such as an entire country, a continent, or even the whole world.

It consists of many LANs and MANs connected together to form one large network such as the Internet.

Characteristics of WAN

? They cover an unlimited (a very large) geographical area, e.g., can cover the whole world.
? They are expensive to build since it requires special equipment for connection.
? Their transmission links are also expensive.
? Long distance transmission.
? Have low data transfer rates compared to LANs (i.e., they are slower than LANs & MANs)
? More prone to errors (very high possible error rates compared to LANs and MANs).

Differences between a Local Area Network and a Wide Area Network.

1. LAN is limited to a small geographical distance.
2. Data transmission speed in LANs is higher.
3. Cost of data transmission in LANs is small.
4. There are less transmission errors in LANs.

Review questions.

1. Describe THREE major data communication models.
2. Explain the three most common types of computer networks in use today.
3. Describe a Wide area network.
4. List THREE differences between Wide Area Network and Local Area Network.
5. Determine the type of a network characterized by:
(a). connection between computers, printers and other resources using UTP cables.
(b). over 250 computers connected to share resources in a city.
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Notes on Types of Computer Networks

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