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BHU2210: Biogeography Notes

Institution: University

Course: Bachelor of Education

Content Category: Class Notes

Posted By: wasonga steve

Document Type: PDF

Number of Pages: 77

Price: KES 500
 
    

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Summary

CHAPTER 1: CONCEPTS IN BIOGEOGRAPHY
Definition
Biogeography is the study of the spatial patterns of biological diversity and its causes, both in
the present and in the past. Biogeographers synthesize information from a very broad range
of fields, including ecology, evolution, paleontology, and climatology.
It is a branch of geography that studies the past and present distribution of the world's many
species. It is usually considered to be a part of physical geography as it often relates to the
examination of the physical environment and how it affects species and shaped their
distribution across space. In addition, biogeography has strong ties to biology, ecology,
evolution studies, climatology, and soil science. Biogeography is a branch of natural sciences
that describes the distribution and abundance of living organisms. It encompasses patterns
and processes that operate across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales and therefore
attempts to answer different questions such as ‘where do living organisms occur, why do they
occur where they occur, how many are they and what do they do?’ in other words
biogeography deals with identification of different patterns of distribution of organisms on or
beneath the earth’s surface.
Spatial variation in abundance reflects the extent to which the local environment meets the
life requirements of a species and the species’ ability to access and exploit opportunities
therein. Each species tends to be most abundant where all life parameters are most favorable
and to be rare or absent where one or more environmental factors are strongly limiting.
Temporal variation in abundance and distribution can be observed on a time scale - species
that have lived in a place for long being more abundant compared to those that have recently
moved in.
Biogeography concentrates on finding out how physical and biochemical features and their
interactions influence both spatial and temporary patterns of distribution of biota. Spatial
patterns refer to distributions in a geographical space - measured in terms of species
richness/diversity and/or population density while temporal patterns refer to distributions
from the time aspects -i.e. we can see the distribution of living organisms in the short-term
(.i.e. succession) and long-term (i.e. evolutionary), or as non-periodic and periodic patterns.
Biogeography, therefore, seeks to describe and analyze present and past distributional
patterns exhibited by organisms. It aims to reveal where organisms live, at what abundance,
and why.
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