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Diploma in ICT: Object Oriented Programming Notes

Institution: College

Course: Diploma in ICT

Content Category: Lecture Notes

Posted By: johnthiongo43

Document Type: PDF

Number of Pages: 94

Price: KES 300
 
    

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Summary

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT
ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Define Object Oriented Programming
A type of programming in which programmers define not only the data type of a data structure,
but also the types of operations (functions) that can be applied to the data structure. In this way,
the data structure becomes an object that includes both data and functions. In addition,
programmers can create relationships between one object and another. For example, objects can
inherit characteristics from other objects.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of
"objects", which are data structures that contain data, in the form of fields, often known as
attributes; and code, in the form of procedures, often known as methods. A distinguishing
feature of objects is that an object's procedures can access and often modify the data fields of the
object with which they are associated (objects have a notion of "this"). In object-oriented
programming, computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that interact with
one another. There is significant diversity in object-oriented programming, but most popular
languages are class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which typically also
determines their type.
Evolution of Object Oriented Programming
The object-oriented paradigm took its shape from the initial concept of a new programming
approach, while the interest in design and analysis methods came much later.
- The first object–oriented language was Simula (Simulation of real systems) that was
developed in 1960 by researchers at the Norwegian Computing Center.
- In 1970, Alan Kay and his research group at Xerox PARK created a personal computer
named Dynabook and the first pure object-oriented programming language (OOPL) -
Smalltalk, for programming the Dynabook.
- In the 1980s, Grady Booch published a paper titled Object Oriented Design that mainly
presented a design for the programming language, Ada. In the ensuing editions, he
extended his ideas to a complete object–oriented design method.
- In the 1990s, Coad incorporated behavioral ideas to object-oriented methods.
The other significant innovations were Object Modelling Techniques (OMT) by James
Rumbaugh and Object-Oriented Software Engineering (OOSE) by Ivar Jacobson.
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