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BPY 1101: Basic Electricity and Optics Notes

Institution: Mount Kenya University

Course: Bachelor of Business Information Technology

Content Category: Lecture Notes

Posted By: PENTAMRK

Document Type: PDF

Number of Pages: 71

Price: KES 300
 
    

Views: 997     Downloads: 6

Summary

Brief Overview

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Electricity
Electricity is a naturally occurring force that exists all around us. Humans have been aware of
this force for many centuries. Ancient man believed that electricity was some form of magic
because they did not understand it. Greek philosophers noticed that when a piece of amber was
rubbed with cloth, it would attract pieces of straw. They recorded the first references to electrical
effects, such as static electricity and lightning, over 2,500 years ago.

It was not until 1600 that a man named Dr. William Gilbert coined the term “electrica,” a Latin
word which describes the static charge that develops when certain materials are rubbed against
amber. This is probably the source of the word “electricity." Electricity and magnetism are
natural forces that are very closely related to one another. You will learn a little about magnetism
in this section, but there is a whole section on magnetism if you want to learn more.
In order to really understand electricity, we need to look closely at the very small components
that compose all matter.

1.3 Basic Structure of Matter
The Atom
All matter such as solids, liquids, and gases, is composed of atoms. Therefore, the atom is
considered to be the basic building block of matter. However, atoms are almost always grouped
together with other atoms to form what is called a molecule. Only a few gases such as helium are
composed of individual atoms.
Atoms are extremely small. The radius of a typical atom is on the order of 0.00000000001 meter
and cannot be studied without very powerful microscopes. Electron microscope can be used to
magnify things until very small details appear relatively big.

1.4 Atomic structure

All normal matter consists of atoms, which are often joined together to form molecules. All
atoms are made of three types of particle:
Positively charged protons
Uncharged neutrons
Negatively charged electrons
...............................................Continued


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