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Diploma in General Agriculture: Crop Production Notes

Institution: Diploma Module 1

Course: General Agriculture

Content Category: Class Notes

Posted By: Unnor

Document Type: DOCX

Number of Pages: 87

Price: KES 70
 
    

Views: 7319     Downloads: 119

Summary

It has notes of general agriculture module 1 under TVETS.

CROP

Agriculture means cultivation of the land for the purpose of producing crops and management of livestock.
-It also involves the storage, processing and marketing of agricultural products.
- There are some disciplines that are directly or indirectly allied (related) to agriculture.

- Entomology (insects pests)
- Pathology (diseases)
- Agriculture engineering
- Agriculture economics
- Soil science etc
ROLES OF AGRICULTURE
a) Provision of food – A well fed nation is a healthy one. Agriculture therefore provides virtually all the food required to feed the population except in prolonged drought.
b) Provision of employment. Agriculture provides employment directly e.g. workers in ranches, coffee, tea, sisal estates, and on small farms.
In Kenya Agriculture and Agriculture related sectors employ large number of people e.g. food processing industries e.g. Kenya canners, textile manufacturing industries, mean canning, grains, milk et.c.
We also have field extension workers, scientist, Transporters, traders e.t.c.
c) Foreign exchange earning. The greatest percentage of exports from East Africa consists of Agricultural commodities. The foreign exchange earning is important for the purchasing of other goods e.g. machines like tractors, fertilizers, oil from foreign countries.
d) Revenue generation for the country Agriculture earns the government much of its revenue from taxes imposed on the sale and exports of Agricultural products.
- This revenue can be used by the government to provide such services as medical services, schools, roads etc. for the public
e) Provide raw materials for industries Most Agriculture products needs some processing before they are eventually utilized e.g. cotton, sisal coffee, tea hides etc

PROBLEMS FACING AGRICULTURE
1. Poor crop animal husbandry – Due to law level of education the conservative farmers do not practice the recommended husbandly practices. They thus plant late, fail to control pests, plant poor seeds and as a result yields obtained are very low compared to the yield obtained in developed countries.
2. Poor marketing facilities- Some times the transport system is inefficient or unavailable thereby leading to spoilage of produce due to delay in delivery to the market. Some times the middlemen involved in marketing of the farmers produce take too large profit. As a result the farmer receives too low prices for his produce hence he has no incentive to produce more.
3. Lack of capital Every farmer requires capital to invest in the development of his farming e.g. installment of piped water in the farm, buying fencing materials, fertilizers etc.
Mostly farmers obtain capital or loans. Source of these loans include Commercial bank or AFC which is a government credit agent.
Security is required for one to get a loan and mast farmers don’t have security hence the level of investment in their farms is low.
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