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AHT 419: History of Science and Technology: The Renaissance in the History of Science and Technology 1400-1800

Institution: Kenyatta University

Course: Bachelor of Arts in History

Content Category: Lecture Notes

Posted By: ikuli 2014

Document Type: DOCX

Number of Pages: 14

Price: KES 100

Views: 384 Downloads: 0

Summary

THE RENAISSANCE IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1400-1800

The Origins and Meanings of The Renaissance The movement generally known as the Renaissance was one of the most significant in European history. It effected a change in man’s attitude towards the problem of human existence. It represents a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th Centuries.

Renaissance technology is the set of European artifacts and inventions which span the Renaissance period, roughly the 14th century through the 16th century. ... Renaissance science spawned the Scientific Revolution; science and technology began a cycle of mutual advancement. The process was later refined by scientists such as Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton. Many of the great scientific discoveries made during the Renaissance were in the area of astronomy. Great scientists such as Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler all made major contributions.
The word renaissance means rebirth and renewal. It has been applied to the revival of ancient (classical) learning which began in Italy, to the reformation of religion which, starting in Germany inaugurated a religious revolution as well as the reception of Roman law which also began in Germany and later spread throughout Europe. Renaissance is thus used to mark an era of broad cultural achievement as a result of renewed interest in the classical art and ideas of ancient Greece and Rome. It also witnessed great achievements both in arts and sciences. There were also deep concern in religious matters regarding the question of faith and salvation. This eventually led to reformation movement which split the church in the middle. The renaissance arose naturally from ideas common in medieval Italian cities. It began in Northern Italy and then spread through Europe. Italian cities such as Naples, Genoa and Venice were centres of trade between Europe and the Middle East where Arab scholars preserved the writings of the ancient Greeks in their libraries. When these Italian cities traded with the Arabs, ideas were exchanged alongside goods. These ideas which were preserved from the ancient past served as the basis of the renaissance. Although the term may strictly apply only to the revival of classical learning, the renaissance came ultimately to mean much more than this. This is because, the period also witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the decline of the feudal system to monarchy and the growth of commerce. It also witnessed the invention or application of such potentially powerful innovations as paper, printing press, the mariner’s compass and gunpowder.
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