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Principles and Practice of Management Notes

Institution: University of Nairobi

Course: Bachelor of Science in Agribusiness Management

Content Category: Lecture Notes

Posted By: XELA AMUO

Document Type: PDF

Number of Pages: 85

Price: KES 200
 
    

Views: 707     Downloads: 4

Summary

These are lecture notes for Principles and Practice of Management, a unit taught in year one at university level and diploma module three at college level.

AGBM 102: PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
Management Functions
1. Planning
A Plan is a proposed or intended method of getting from one set of circumstances to another. They are often used to move from the present situation, towards the achievement of one or more objectives or goals. Planning is selecting priorities/ goals and results in the ascertainment of how those results will be achieved. Typically, it involves identifying goals, objectives, methods, resources needed to carry out methods, responsibilities and dates for completion of tasks. Examples of planning are strategic planning, business planning, project planning, staff planning, advertising and promotions planning, etc.
Planning is concerned with the future impact of today’s decisions. It is the fundamental function of management from which the other four stem. i.e. the manager is ready to organize and staff only after goals and plans to reach the goals are in place. Likewise, the leading function, influencing the behaviour of people in the organization, depends on the goals to be achieved. Finally, in the controlling function, the determination of whether or not goals are being accomplished and standards met is based on the planning function. The planning function provides the goals and standards that drive the controlling function. Planning is important at all levels of management. However, its characteristics vary by level of management. The simple, certain, structured and short-term plans are left for the low level managers whereas top level managers are faced with the more complex, risky and longer term plans of the organization.
Understanding the need for planning
One cannot develop a sound plan at any level of an organization without first understanding and appreciating the necessity for planning. The following four factors highlight the importance of planning.
1. Increasing time-spans: The time span separating present decisions and future results is increasing in most organizations. Therefore, managers must attempt to consider what could happen that might affect the desired outcome.
2. Increasing organization complexity: As organizations become larger and more complex, the manager’s job also becomes bigger and more complicated by the interdependence among the various parts of the organization. Planning enables the manager to define the job that needs to be done by each organizational unit and the way to go about doing it.
3. Increased external changes: The rapid rate of change in the external environment forces managers at all levels to focus on larger issues rather than solely on solving internal problems.
4. Planning and other management functions: Planning is the beginning of the management process. It is the foundation upon which the other functions are built.
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